Filtration media for removing chloramine, chlorine, and ammonia, and method of making the same
An activated carbon-based media for efficient removal of chloramines as well as chlorine and ammonia from an aqueous stream is presented, and a method for making the same. The method involves preparing activated carbon that removes chloramines efficiently from chloramine-rich aqueous media. In particular, this application relates to the use of high performance catalytically active carbon for an efficient removal of chloramine from drinking water in the form of a solid carbon block or granular carbon media. The activated carbon is treated with a nitrogen-rich compound, such as, melamine.
1. A method of making catalytically activated carbon particles comprising:
providing a starting material in the form of an activated carbonaceous product;
soaking said activated carbonaceous product in an acid solution to form acid treated carbon;
drying said acid treated carbon;
exposing said acid treated carbon to a nitrogen-rich compound to form nitrogen-rich impregnated carbon particles;
heating said nitrogen-rich impregnated carbon particles in an inert atmosphere, and
cooling said impregnated carbon particles to form catalytically activated nitrogen-rich carbon particles that remove chloramines, chlorine and/or ammonia from aqueous media, wherein said nitrogen-rich compound is a nitrogen-rich triazine compound.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said activated carbonaceous product includes coconut based activated carbon or coal based activated carbon in either granular (GAC) or powdered (PAC) form.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said activated carbonaceous product has a surface area ranging from about 800 m 2 /g to about 1300 m 2 /g.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of soaking said activated carbonaceous product in an acid solution includes soaking in 15% nitric acid for approximately three hours.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of drying said acid treated carbon includes drying until moisture content of said acid treated carbon is about or less than two (2)%.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein said step of drying said acid treated carbon includes drying at a temperature of approximately 80° C.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of exposing said acid treated carbon to a nitrogen-rich compound includes contacting said nitrogen-rich compound in either solid phase or solution.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein said nitrogen-rich compound comprises melamine (1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, C 3 H6N 6 , molar mass 126.12 g/mol) having over 60% of nitrogen by total mass.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein said melamine is approximately between 10%-15% of the weight of said activated carbonaceous product.
10. The method of claim 8 wherein said melamine is added to water to form a white suspension, and the suspension is used to impregnate the acid-treated carbon.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein said nitrogen-rich triazine compound is selected from the group consisting of cyanuric acid, ammelide, ammeline, trichloromelamine, and combinations thereof.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein said inert atmosphere comprises argon gas or nitrogen gas.
13. The method of claim 1 where said step of cooling includes cooling said catalytically activated nitrogen-rich carbon particles in an oxygen-free or inert atmosphere to room temperature.
14. A method of making catalytically activated carbon particles comprising:
providing a starting material in the form of an activated carbonaceous product;
soaking said activated carbonaceous product in an acid solution to form acid treated carbon;
drying said acid treated carbon;
exposing said acid treated carbon to a nitrogen-rich compound to form nitrogen-rich impregnated carbon particles;
heating said nitrogen-rich impregnated carbon particles in an inert atmosphere; and
cooling said impregnated carbon particles to form catalytically activated nitrogen-rich carbon particles that remove chloramines, chlorine, and/or ammonia from aqueous media;
wherein said step of heating said nitrogen-rich impregnated carbon particles in an inert atmosphere includes heating at a temperature in the range of 750° C. to 800° C.
15. A filter media comprising an activated carbonaceous product impregnated with a nitrogen-rich compound to provide, after heating and cooling, catalytically activated nitrogen-rich carbon particles that remove chloramines, chlorine, and/or ammonia from aqueous media, wherein said nitrogen-rich compound is a nitrogen-rich triazine compound.
16. The filter media of claim 15 wherein said activated carbonaceous product includes coconut based activated carbon or coal based activated carbon.
17. The filter media of claim 16 wherein said activated carbonaceous product has a surface area ranging from about 800 m 2 /g to about 1300 m 2 /g.
18. The filter media of claim 15 wherein said nitrogen-rich triazine compound is selected from the group consisting of cyanuric acid, ammelide, ammeline, trichloromelamine, and combinations thereof.
19. The filter media of claim 15 wherein said nitrogen-rich compound is melamine (1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, C 3 H 6 N 6 , molar mass 126.12 g/mol) having over 60% of nitrogen by total mass, wherein said nitrogen-rich compound is approximately 10%-15% weight of said coconut based activated carbon or coal based activated carbon.