Partial discharge detector
A partial discharge (PD) detection system includes a PD sensor configured to sense a PD event of an electrical system and to generate a sensor signal in response to the PD event. An envelope generator is coupled to receive the sensor signal from the PD sensor. The envelope generator extracts an envelope signal from the sensor signal. A digitizer is configured to convert the envelope signal to a digital representation of the PD event.
1. A partial discharge detection system, comprising:
a partial discharge (PD) sensor configured to sense a PD event of an electrical system and to generate a sensor signal in response to the PD event; and
an envelope generator coupled to receive the sensor signal from the PD sensor, the envelope generator configured to extract an envelope signal of the sensor signal; and
a digitizer configured to convert the envelope signal to a digital representation of the PD event, wherein a bandwidth of the digitizer is less than a highest frequency component of the sensor signal and the digitizer bandwidth is less than about 10 MHz.
2. The partial discharge system of claim 1 , wherein the PD sensor comprises one or more of a coupling capacitor, a transient earth voltage sensor, a current transformer, and an antenna.
3. The partial discharge system of claim 1 , wherein the envelope generator is configured to extract the envelope signal of a positive or a negative-going portion of the sensor signal.
4. The partial discharge system of claim 1 , wherein the envelope generator is configured to extract the envelope signal of both a positive and a negative-going portion of the sensor signal.
5. The partial discharge system of claim 1 , wherein the envelope generator comprises at least one amplifier configured to amplify the envelope signal.
6. The partial discharge system of claim 5 , wherein the envelope generator comprises a diode coupled to an input of the amplifier and configured to reduce a slew rate requirement of the amplifier.
7. The partial discharge system of claim 1 , where the envelope signal is an electrical signal.
8. The partial discharge system of claim 1 , wherein the envelope signal is an optical signal.
9. The partial discharge system of claim 1 , wherein the envelope generator comprises at least one or both of a high pass filter and a low pass filter.
10. The partial discharge system of claim 9 , wherein a cut off frequency of at least one of the high pass filter and the low pass filter is tunable.
11. The partial discharge system of claim 9 , wherein the envelope generator comprises an amplifier having characteristics that provide the low pass filter.
12. The partial discharge system of claim 9 , wherein:
the envelope generator comprises a light emitting diode (LED) configured to convert the sensor signal to an optical signal; and
the LED is configured to provide the low pass filter.
13. The partial discharge system of claim 9 , wherein:
the envelope signal is an optical signal and the envelope generator comprises a photodetector configured to convert the optical envelope signal to an electrical signal; and
the photodetector is configured to provide the low pass filter.
14. The partial discharge system of claim 1 , wherein the envelope generator comprises at least one diode configured to substantially block a positive-going or a negative-going portion of the sensor signal.
15. The partial discharge system of claim 1 , further comprising a low frequency path configured to detect a base frequency of the electrical system.
16. A method, comprising:
sensing a partial discharge (PD) event of an electrical system;
generating an electrical sensor signal in response to the PD event;
extracting an envelope signal from the sensor signal; and
converting, using a digitizer, the envelope signal to a digital representation of the envelope signal, wherein a bandwidth of the digitizer is less than a highest frequency component of the electrical sensor signal and the digitizer bandwidth is less than about 10 MHz.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein extracting the envelope signal comprises one or both of high pass filtering and low pass filtering the sensor signal.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein extracting the envelope signal comprises extracting an optical envelope signal.
19. The partial discharge system of claim 1 , wherein the bandwidth of the digitizer is less than about ⅕ the highest frequency component of the sensor signal.
20. The partial discharge system of claim 1 , wherein the partial discharge (PD) sensor comprises one or more of a coupling capacitor, a transient earth voltage sensor, and a current transformer.
21. The method of claim 16 , wherein the bandwidth of the digitizer is less than about ⅕ the highest frequency component of the electrical sensor signal.
22. The method of claim 16 , wherein sensing the partial discharge (PD) event comprises sensing the PD event using a PD sensor comprising one or more of a coupling capacitor, a transient earth voltage sensor, and a current transformer.
23. The partial discharge system of claim 1 , wherein the bandwidth of the digitizer is less than about 1/10 of the highest frequency component of the sensor signal.
24. The method of claim 16 , wherein the bandwidth of the digitizer is less than about 1/10 of the highest frequency component of the sensor signal.