Virtual capacitor

1. A power system comprising: an alternating current (AC) generator;

an AC to direct current (DC) converter coupled between the generator and a dynamically changing load, an output of the AC to DC converter being electrically coupled to a power distribution bus; control circuitry; a physical capacitor; and

a bi-directional current source electrically coupled in series between the physical capacitor and the power distribution bus, wherein the control circuitry is configured to determine an enemy difference value between enemy stored in the physical capacitor and energy for the power distribution bus, the enemy stored in the physical capacitor being based on a physical capacitor voltage and the enemy for the power distribution bus being based on a bus voltage; generate a reference current based on the energy difference value; and control the bi-directional current source and the physical capacitor with the reference current to emulate a shunt capacitor electrically connected to the power distribution bus with a different capacitance than a capacitance of the physical capacitor by controlling a voltage across the physical capacitor to be within a physical capacitor voltage range that is different than an operating bus voltage range.

2. The power system of claim 1 , wherein the control circuitry is configured to control bi-directional current source based on a measured bus voltage and a measured voltage across the physical capacitor.

3. The power system of claim 1 , wherein the control circuitry is configured to determine an energy required by the power distribution bus to maintain the bus voltage within the operating bus voltage range and adjust the voltage across the physical capacitor within the physical capacitor voltage range to cause the physical capacitor to absorb or deliver the energy required by the power distribution bus.

4. The power system of claim 3 , wherein the control circuitry is further configured to adjust the voltage across the physical capacitor to be a value that is greater than a maximum bus voltage or less than a minimum bus voltage.

5. The power system of claim 1 , wherein the bi-directional current source and the physical capacitor are electrically connected in series and an assembly including the bi-directional current source and the physical capacitor is electrically connected in shunt to power distribution bus.

6. The power system of claim 1 , wherein a maximum physical capacitor voltage within the physical capacitor voltage range is greater than a maximum bus voltage or less than a minimum bus voltage.

7. The power system of claim 1 , wherein a minimum physical capacitor voltage within the physical capacitor voltage range is less than a minimum bus voltage or more than a maximum bus voltage.

8. A method for implementing a virtual capacitor, the method comprising:

determining an energy difference value between energy stored in a physical capacitor and energy for a power distribution bus, the energy stored in the physical capacitor being based on a physical capacitor voltage and the energy for the power distribution bus being based on a bus voltage;

generating a reference current based on the energy difference value; and

controlling, by control circuitry, a bi-directional current source and the physical capacitor with the reference current to emulate a shunt capacitor electrically connected to the power distribution bus with a different capacitance than a capacitance of the physical capacitor by controlling a voltage across the physical capacitor to be within a physical capacitor voltage range that is different than an operating bus voltage range, wherein the bi-directional current source is electrically coupled in series between the physical capacitor and the power distribution bus.

9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising controlling the bi-directional current source based on a measured bus voltage and a measured voltage across the physical capacitor.

10. The method of claim 8 , further comprising determining an energy required by the power distribution bus to maintain the bus voltage within the operating bus voltage range and adjusting the voltage across the physical capacitor within the physical capacitor voltage range to cause the physical capacitor to absorb or deliver energy required by the power distribution bus.

11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising adjusting the voltage across the physical capacitor to be a value that is greater than a maximum bus voltage or less than a minimum bus voltage.

12. The method of claim 8 , wherein the bi-directional current source and the physical capacitor are electrically connected in series and an assembly including the bi-directional current source and the physical capacitor is electrically connected in shunt to power distribution bus.

13. The method of claim 8 , wherein a maximum physical capacitor voltage within the physical capacitor voltage range is greater than a maximum bus voltage or less than a minimum bus voltage.

14. The method of claim 8 , wherein the bi-directional current source is electrically coupled between the physical capacitor and the power distribution bus.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein an alternating current (AC) generator is electrically coupled to an AC to direct current (DC) converter, the AC to DC converter being electrically coupled between the AC generator and the power distribution bus such that an output of the AC to DC;

wherein a dynamically changing load is electrically coupled to and powered by the power distribution bus.

16. The method of claim 8 , wherein the energy difference value is a function of a selected capacitance value for the virtual capacitor (K vc ).

17. The method of claim 8 , wherein a minimum physical capacitor voltage within the physical capacitor voltage range is less than a minimum bus voltage or more than a maximum bus voltage.