Anti-cancer compounds targeting Ral GTPases and methods of using the same
Methods of inhibiting the growth or metastasis of a cancer in a subject by inhibiting a Ral GTPase in the subject, and small molecule inhibitors of Ral GTPases useful in the methods of the invention. Pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds of the invention, and methods of using the same.
1. A compound having the chemical structure:
R 1 is selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 12 alkyl, C 3 -C 12 alkenyl, C 4 -C 12 dienyl, C 6 -C 12 trienyl, C 8 -C 12 tetraenyl, C 6 -C 12 aryl, substituted C 6 -C 12 aryl, cyano, C 1 -C 12 alkanoyloxy, C 1 -C 12 alkylsulfonyl, C 2 -C 12 alkoxycarbonyl, C 2 -C 12 alkanoylamino, —SO 2 R 8 , —NHSO 2 R 8 , and —NHCO 2 R 8 ;
R 2 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, —OH, C 1 -C 12 alkyl, C 3 -C 12 alkenyl, C 4 -C 12 dienyl, C 6 -C 12 trienyl, C 8 -C 12 tetraenyl, imidazole, C 6 -C 12 aryl, substituted C 6 -C 12 aryl, C 1 -C 12 -alkoxy, carboxy, cyano, C 1 -C 12 alkanoyloxy, C 1 -C 12 alkylthio, C 1 -C 12 alkylsulfonyl, C 2 -C 12 alkoxycarbonyl, C 2 -C 12 alkanoylamino, —O—R 8 , —S—R 8 , —SO 2 —R 8 , —NHSO 2 R 8 , and —NHCO 2 R 8 ;
R 3 , R 4 , and R 7 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, —OH, C 1 -C 12 alkyl, C 3 -C 12 alkenyl, C 4 -C 12 dienyl, C 6 -C 12 trienyl, C 8 -C 12 tetraenyl, imidazole, C 6 -C 12 aryl, substituted C 6 -C 12 aryl, C 1 -C 12 -alkoxy, carboxy, cyano, C 1 -C 12 alkanoyloxy, C 1 -C 12 alkylthio, C 1 -C 12 alkyl sulfonyl, C 2 -C 12 alkoxycarbonyl, C 2 -C 12 alkanoylamino, —O—R 8 , —S—R 8 , —SO 2 —R 8 , —NHSO 2 R 8 , and —NHCO2R 8 ;
R 5 and R 6 are each hydrogen; and
R 8 is C 1 -C 12 alkyl optionally substituted with one to three groups selected from halogen, oxygen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy;
wherein:
(i) at least one of R 3 , R 4 , and R 7 is:
imidazole,
C 2 -C 12 alkyl substituted with halogen, or
—O—R 8 , —S—R 8 , —SO 2 —R 8 , —NHSO 2 R 8 , and —NHCO 2 R 8 , wherein R 8 is C 1 -C 12 alkyl substituted with halogen; or
(ii) R 3 and R 4 together form cyclohexane or 1,4-dioxane; or
(iii) the compound has the structure wherein R 1 and R 2 are each methyl, R 3 is —CF 3 , and R 4 -R 7 are each hydrogen; or
pharmaceutically acceptable enantiomers, diastereomers, racemates, and salts thereof.
2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 3 is alkyl or alkoxy substituted with halogen.
3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 3 is —CF 3 or —OCF 3 .
4. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 4 is alkyl or alkoxy substituted with halogen.
5. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 4 is —CF 3 or —OCF 3 .
6. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 7 is alkyl or alkoxy substituted with halogen.
7. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 7 is —CF 3 or —OCF 3 .
8. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 3 and R 4 together form cyclohexane or 1,4-dioxane.
9. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
10. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 9 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition is mono-phasic and suitable for parenteral or oral administration of a therapeutically-effective amount of the compound.
11. The compound of claim 1 , wherein at least one of R 3 -R 7 is imidazole.
12. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound is 4-(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-6-amino-1,3-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile.
13. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound is 4-(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-6-amino-1-methyl-3-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile.
14. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound is 6-amino-1,3-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile.
15. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound is 6-amino-1-methyl-3-phenyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile.
16. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound is 6-amino-4-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile.
17. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound is 6-amino-4-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-1-methyl-3-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile.
18. A compound, wherein the compound is:
4-(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-6-amino-1,3-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile.
19. A compound, wherein the compound is:
4-(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-6-amino-1-methyl-3-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile.
20. A compound, wherein the compound is 6-amino-1,3-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl)-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile.
21. A pharmaceutical composition of claim 20 , and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
22. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 21 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition is mono-phasic and suitable for parenteral or oral administration of a therapeutically-effective amount of the compound.