Arrowland: an online multiscale interactive tool for -omics data visualization

1. A system for displaying multiomics data, comprising:

non-transitory memory configured to store executable instructions, a metabolic model, and a metabolic map, wherein the metabolic map comprises a plurality of metabolites and a plurality of associations between the plurality of metabolites, wherein an association between two metabolites is defined by the metabolic model comprising a metabolic flux between the two metabolites, a transcript of a gene, and a protein encoded by the gene capable of catalyzing one of the two metabolites to the other of the two metabolites; and

a processor programmed by the executable instructions to perform:

receiving a selection of the metabolic model and a selection of the metabolic map from a user device;

receiving a multiomics data set comprising metabolomics data, fluxomics data, transcriptomics data, and proteomics data;

generating a metabolic network comprising (1) a plurality of geometric shapes corresponding to the plurality of metabolites, (2) a plurality of arrows between the geometric shapes corresponding to the plurality of associations, wherein a size of a geometric shape is determined based on a quantity of the corresponding metabolite in the multiomics data set;

generating a plurality of vector graphics representing the metabolic network, or a portion thereof; and

providing the plurality of vector graphics to a user device, thereby the user device:

rasterizes one or more of the plurality of vector graphics into corresponding one or more tiles using a rendering queue and a pruned cache; and

displays the metabolic network, of a portion thereof, as the one or more tiles.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the metabolic network further comprises (3) a plurality first half-arrow shadings associated with the plurality of arrows, and (4) a plurality of second half-arrow shadings associated with the plurality of arrows, and wherein characteristics of an arrow, an associated first half-arrow shading, and an associated second half-arrow shading are determined by quantities of the corresponding metabolic flux, transcript, and protein in the multiomics data set.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein providing the metabolic network to the user device comprises providing label information of the metabolic network and/or providing external links related to the metabolic network to the user device.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the multiomics data set comprises time series multiomics data comprising a first multiomics data set at a first time and a second multiomics data set at a second time, wherein generating the metabolic network comprises generating a first metabolic sub-network from the first multiomics sub-dataset and a second metabolic sub-network from the second multiomics sub-dataset with an offset from the first metabolic sub-network.

5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the processor is programmed by the executable instructions to receive a selection that the first multiomics sub-dataset is used as a baseline in generating the multiomics network.

6. The system of claim 4 , wherein the processor is programmed by the executable instructions to perform:

receiving a selection of an area of the metabolic network;

determining metabolite(s), metabolic flux(es), transcript(s), and protein(s) in the area, or reactions thereof;

determining tiles intersecting the metabolite(s), metabolic flux(es), transcript(s), and protein(s), or reactions thereof;

generating updated tiles; and

providing the user device with the updated tiles.

7. The system of claim 4 , wherein the metabolic model comprises a first metabolic sub-model and a second metabolic sub-model, wherein the first metabolic sub-model comprises the two metabolites and an associated stoichiometry, and wherein the second metabolic sub-model comprises one or more genes, transcripts thereof, or proteins thereof, capable of catalyzing one of the two metabolites to the other of the two metabolites.

8. A system for displaying multiomics data, comprising:

non-transitory memory configured to store executable instructions; and

a hardware processor programmed by the executable instructions to perform:

providing a selection of a metabolic model and a selection of a metabolic map to a server device;

providing a multiomics data set comprising metabolomics data, fluxomics data, transcriptomics data, and/or proteomics data to the server device;

receiving as (1) a first rasterized tile of a first vector graphic of the metabolic network and (2) a second vector graphic representing a metabolic network, or a portion thereof, from the server device;

generating a second rasterized tile of the second vector graphic;

providing the first rasterized tile and the second rasterized tile to a display application.

9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the display application is a web browser or a mobile device application.

10. The system of claim 8 , wherein generating the second rasterized tile of the second vector graphic comprises copying the second vector graphic onto a HTML, canvas element.

11. The system of claim 8 , wherein the hardware processor is programmed by the executable instructions to perform:

extracting strings from the second vector graphic; and

discarding the second vector graphic after generating the second rasterized tile of the second vector graphic.

12. A computer-implemented method for displaying multiomics data, comprising:

receiving a selection of a metabolic model and a selection of a metabolic map, wherein the metabolic map comprises a plurality of metabolites and a plurality of associations between the plurality of metabolites, wherein an association between two metabolites is defined by the metabolic model comprising a metabolic flux between the two metabolites, a transcript of a gene, and a protein encoded by the gene capable of performing a catalysis from one of the two metabolites to the other of the two metabolites;

receiving a multiomics data set comprising metabolomics data, fluxomics data, transcriptomics data, and/or proteomics data;

generating a metabolic network from the multiomics data,

wherein the metabolic network comprises (1) a plurality of geometric shapes corresponding to the plurality of metabolite, (2) a plurality of first arrows between the geometric shapes corresponding to the plurality of associations, (3) a plurality first shading associated with the plurality of first arrows, and/or (4) a plurality of second shading associated with the plurality of first arrows,

wherein a characteristics of a geometric shape is determined based on a quantity of the corresponding metabolite in the multiomics data set, wherein characteristics of a first arrow, an associated first shading, and an associated second shading are determined by quantities of the corresponding metabolic flux, transcript, and protein in the multiomics data set, and

wherein the metabolic network, or a portion thereof, is represented as a plurality of vector graphics;

rasterizing one or more of the plurality of vector graphics into corresponding one or more tiles; and

displaying the metabolic network, or a portion thereof, as the one or more tiles.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the geometric shapes comprises a circle, an oval, a square, a rectangle, a square, a trapezoid, a parallelogram, or a combination thereof.

14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the characteristics of the geometric shape is a size of the geometric shape, wherein a larger size indicates a larger quantity.

15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the characteristics of the geometric shape is a color of the geometric shape, wherein a darker color indicates a larger quantity.

16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the characteristics of the first arrow is determined by the quantity of the metabolic flux.

17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the characteristics of the first arrow is a size of the first arrow, and wherein a larger size indicates a larger quantity.

18. The method of claim 12 , wherein the characteristics of the first arrow is a color of the first arrow, and wherein a darker color indicates a larger quantity.

19. The method of claim 12 , wherein the characteristics of the first shading is determined by the quantity of the transcript, and wherein the characteristics of the second shading is determined by the quantity of the protein.

20. The method of claim 12 , wherein the characteristics of the first shading is a size of the first shading and/or the characteristics of the second shading is a size of the second shading, and wherein a larger size indicates a larger quantity.

21. The method of claim 12 , wherein the characteristics of the first shading is a color of the first shading and/or the characteristics of the second shading is a color of the second shading, and wherein a darker color indicates a larger quantity.

22. The method of claim 12 , wherein the first shading and/or the second shading is a box, an ellipse, a Bezier curve, or a combination thereof.

23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the Bezier curve is defined by four vectors and two intensity multipliers.

24. The method of claim 12 , wherein the metabolic model comprises a cofactor for the catalysis, wherein the metabolic network comprises a second arrow corresponding to the cofactor, and wherein the second arrow is not parallel to the first arrow.

25. The method of claim 24 , wherein the second arrow is approximately perpendicular to the first arrow.