Composition for delivery of genetic material
The present invention relates to exosomes, loaded with genetic material and methods of producing them and to the use of such exosomes for delivering genetic material in vivo, in particular the use of such exosomes in methods of gene therapy or gene silencing.
1. A pharmaceutical composition comprising exosomes comprising electroporated exogenous genetic material, wherein the electroporated exogenous genetic material is a therapeutic oligonucleotide having a chemically modified backbone.
2. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the therapeutic oligonucleotide having a chemically modified backbone may be anyone or more of the following: a transplicing oligonucleotide, a morpholino (PMO), an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), a peptide nucleic acid (PNA), an miRNA, artificial plasmid, an shRNA or an siRNA.
3. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 , wherein the chemical backbone modification of the oligonucleotide is selected from any one or more of: phosphoramidate, methylphosphonate, phosphorothioate, morpholino (PMO) or peptide nucleicacid (PNA).
4. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 , wherein the oligonucleotide is single-stranded or double stranded.
5. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 , wherein the exosomes comprise a targeting moiety expressed on the surface of the exosome.
6. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 , wherein the exosomes comprise an exosomal transmembrane protein which has been modified to incorporate the targeting moiety.
7. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 6 wherein the exosomal transmembrane protein is selected from: Lamp-1, Lamp-2, CD13, CD86, Flotillin, Syntaxin-3, CD40, CD40L, CD44, ICAM-I, Integrin alpha4, LICAM, Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-11), Vti-1 A, Vti-1B, CD9, CD37, CD53, CD63, CD81, CD82, CXCR4, HLA-DM (MHC II), MHC-I or MHC-II components, TCR beta or tetraspanins.
8. A method of delivering a therapeutic oligonucleotide having a chemically modified backbone in vivo comprising delivering the pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 to a selected tissue or cell type.
9. A method of making a pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , comprising loading exosomes with a therapeutic oligonucleotide having a chemically modified backbone by electroporation.
10. The method according to claim 9 wherein the therapeutic oligonucleotide having a chemically modified backbone is one or more of the following: a transplicingoligonucleotide, a morpholino (PMO), an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), a peptide nucleicacid (PNA), an miRNA, an artificial plasmid, an shRNA or an siRNA.
11. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the chemical backbone modification of the oligonucleotide is selected from anyone or more of: phosphoramidate, methylphosphonate, phosphorothioate, morpholino (PMO) or peptide nucleicacid (PNA).
12. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the oligonucleotide is single-stranded or double stranded.
13. The method according to claim 9 , wherein at least 20% of the oligonucleotide is loaded into the exosomes.
14. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 , further comprising a modification of the oligonucleotide selected from any one or more of thio-nucleotide, 2′ O-methyl, or 2′ methoxy-ethyl.
15. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition further comprises a modification of the oligonucleotide selected from any one or more of thio-nucleotide, 2′ O-methyl, or 2′ methoxy-ethyl.