Hybrid evaporator-feeding wicks for uniform fluid delivery to multiple heat sources in a vapor chamber
Embodiments described herein disclose a vapor chamber including a thermally-conductive evaporator wall, a thermally-conductive condenser wall and a volume therebetween defining a vapor core for transporting a vapor of a working fluid from the evaporator wall to the condenser wall. The outer surfaces of the evaporator wall and the condenser wall are configured to be in thermal contact with a plurality of heat sources and a heat sink respectively. The vapor chamber further includes a porous wick structure for holding and pumping the working fluid towards the plurality of heat sources. The wick structure comprises an evaporator-feeding wick having an inner surface in thermal contact with an inner surface of the evaporator wall. The evaporator-feeding wick comprises a first region having a higher permeability than at least a second region to form a permeability gradient, such that the working fluid has a uniform flow to the plurality of heat sources.
1. A vapor chamber comprising:
an evaporator wall configured to be in thermal contact with a plurality of heat sources;
a condenser wall configured to be in thermal contact with a heat sink;
a volume between the evaporator wall and the condenser wall configured for transporting a vapor from the evaporator wall to the condenser wall; and
a porous wick structure configured to pump a working fluid towards the plurality of heat sources, the porous wick structure comprising an evaporator-feeding wick in thermal contact with the evaporator wall, wherein:
the evaporator-feeding wick comprises a first region and a second region, the first region having a higher permeability than the second region;
the first region comprises sintered particles having larger size than particles in the second region; and
the first region is hour-glass shaped.
2. The vapor chamber of claim 1 , wherein the first region of the evaporator-feeding wick is introduced in one or more areas where a flow of the working fluid has less than a predetermined threshold of uniformity.
3. The vapor chamber of claim 1 , wherein the first region comprises chemically-treated particles in the one or more areas, the chemical treatment comprising reduction, oxidation, or passivation of the one or more areas using hydrogen, oxygen, or an inert gas or application of a polymer, surfactant, thin film thereon.
4. The vapor chamber of claim 1 , wherein the first region comprises surface-treated particles in the one or more areas, the surface treatment comprising a modification of the particle surface morphology by polishing, roughening, or patterning.
5. The vapor chamber of claim 1 , wherein the porous wick structure comprises sintered particles of a metal or an alloy based on one or more metals selected from at least one of: nickel, copper, molybdenum, niobium, aluminum, iron, cobalt, and titanium.