PROPPANTS AND ANTI-FLOWBACK ADDITIVES INCLUDING COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING CALCIUM, MULTI-FOIL CROSS SECTIONS, AND/OR SIZE RANGES
A proppant may include a sintered ceramic, wherein the sintered ceramic has a composition including an alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) content ranging from about 60% to about 78% by weight, an iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) content ranging from about 5% to about 20% by weight, a silica (SiO 2 ) content ranging from about 1% to about 10% by weight, a titania (TiO 2 ) content ranging from about 2% to about 8% by weight, and a combined iron oxide and titania content of at least about 11% by weight. A proppant may include a sintered ceramic. The sintered ceramic may have a composition including a calcium oxide (CaO) content ranging from about 1% to about 5% by weight. A rod-shaped proppant may include a sintered ceramic having an aspect ratio ranging from about 1.5 to about 3, an apparent specific gravity ranging from about 2.0 to about 4.0, and a pack porosity of greater than 49%.
1 - 119 . (canceled)
120 . A proppant comprising a sintered ceramic, wherein the sintered ceramic has a composition comprising:
an alumina content ranging from about 60% to about 78% by weight;
an iron oxide content ranging from about 5% to about 20% by weight;
a silica content ranging from about 1% to about 10% by weight;
a titania content ranging from about 2% to about 8% by weight; and
a combined iron oxide and titania content of at least about 11% by weight.
121 . The proppant of claim 120 , wherein the combined iron oxide and titania content is at least about 12% by weight.
122 . The proppant of claim 120 , wherein the combined iron oxide and titania content is at least about 15% by weight.
123 . The proppant of claim 120 , wherein the combined iron oxide and titania content is not greater than about 25% by weight.
124 . The proppant of claim 120 , wherein the combined iron oxide and titania content ranges from about 12% to about 20% by weight.
125 . The proppant of claim 120 , wherein the proppant comprises proppant particles having a length and a cross-sectional diameter, and wherein the proppant particles have an aspect ratio of length to cross-sectional diameter ranging from about 1.5 to about 3.
126 . The proppant of claim 120 , wherein the proppant has an apparent specific gravity ranging from about 2.0 to about 4.0.
127 . The proppant of claim 120 , wherein the proppant has an apparent specific gravity ranging from about 2.4 to about 2.75.
128 . The proppant of claim 120 , wherein the proppant has an apparent specific gravity ranging from about 3.2 to about 3.8.
129 . The proppant of claim 120 , wherein the proppant has an apparent specific gravity ranging from about 3.4 to about 3.7.
130 . The proppant of claim 120 , wherein the proppant has an apparent specific gravity ranging from about 3.3 to about 3.5.
131 . The proppant of claim 120 , wherein the proppant has an API crush value of less than 22% fines at 15,000 psi.
132 . The proppant of claim 120 , wherein the proppant has a pack porosity of greater than 49%.
133 . The proppant of claim 120 , wherein the proppant has a multifoil-shaped cross-section.
134 . The proppant of claim 120 , wherein the proppant has a crush strength of at least about 100 MPa.
135 . The proppant of claim 120 , wherein the proppant has a crush strength of at least about 200 MPa.
136 . The proppant of claim 120 , wherein the proppant has a crush strength of at least about 250 MPa.