Palatable expanded food products and methods of manufacture thereof
Palatable food products are provided with low bulk density of about 4-12 lb/ft 3 and comprise an expanded matrix of intercommunicated pores defined by a skeletal structure of gelatinized starch. The products produce an audible crunch sound when crushed by applied force and include low calorie, energy-dense characteristics of about 2-6 Kcal/g. The total weight of the product comprises about 20-60% starch, about 30% or less flowable fat, about 2-12% water, and a coating of flavorants and/or aromants. The product can optionally comprise health promoting ingredients. The products are manufactured by extruding batched ingredients including starch and water under processing conditions to promote starch gelatinization to form a substantially homogenous dough that, after extrusion, expands into a porous matrix. The porous matrix can undergo vacuum infusion to fill the matrix with flowable fat, dry palatant, and wet palatant. After infusion, the porous matrix can be dust coated with dry palatant.
1. A pet food product comprising:
a porous matrix comprising:
starch at 70% or more by weight of the porous matrix; and
water from 2 to 12% by weight of the porous matrix;
flowable fat infused into the porous matrix at least at 30% by weight of the pet food product; and
a dry palatant coated on the pet food product at a ratio of dry palatant to flowable fat of 1:1 to 1:5.
2. The pet food product of claim 1 wherein the starch is selected from whole grains, broken grains, flours, roots, tubers, rice, brewer's rice, corn, barley, oats, wheat, potato, legumes, or other sources of biopolymers.
3. The pet food product of claim 1 wherein the pet food product further comprises one or more of vitamins, minerals, nutrients, colorants, preservatives, soluble fiber, insoluble fiber, sugar, antioxidants, enzymes, or probiotics.
4. The pet food product of claim 1 wherein the pet food product further comprises one or more of an orally active ingredient including one or more of a dental prophylactic ingredient, an anti-tartar agent, a breath agent, an anti-halitosis agent, a pharmaceutical agent, or a veterinary pharmaceutical agent.
5. The pet food product of claim 1 wherein the porous matrix comprises a porosity from 50 to 95% by total volume of the porous matrix.
6. The pet food product of claim 1 wherein the porous matrix comprises a plurality of intercommunicated pores defined by surfaces of the porous matrix and dispersed throughout the porous matrix and partially exposed through an outer surface of the porous matrix.
7. The pet food product of claim 6 wherein the surfaces of the porous matrix have a surface area from 0.2 to 0.7 m 2 /g.
8. The pet food product of claim 1 wherein the porous matrix has a density from 30 to 80 lb/ft 3 .
9. The pet food product of claim 1 wherein the pet food product has a bulk density from 4 to 12 lb/ft 3 .
10. The pet food product of claim 1 having metabolizing energy (ME) in a range from 3 Kcal/g to 6 Kcal/g.
11. A pet food product comprising:
an expanded matrix comprising:
at least one starch at 70% or more by weight of the expanded matrix, the starch gelatinized from 50 to 100% by weight of the starch, and
a plurality of pores defined by surfaces of the expanded matrix and dispersed throughout the expanded matrix and a portion of the plurality of pores open through an external surface of the expanded matrix; and
one or more palatants incorporated into the expanded matrix and infiltrated into pores of the expanded matrix at 5% to 45% of weight of the pet food product.
12. The pet food product of claim 11 wherein the starch is selected from one or more of whole grains, broken grains, flours, roots, tubers, rice, brewer's rice, corn, barley, oats, wheat, potato, legumes, or other sources of biopolymers.
13. The pet food product of claim 11 wherein the pet food product further comprises one or more of vitamins, minerals, nutrients, colorants, preservatives, soluble fiber, insoluble fiber, sugar, antioxidants, enzymes, or probiotics.
14. The pet food product of claim 11 wherein the pet food product further comprises one or more of an orally active ingredient including one or more of a dental prophylactic ingredient, an anti-tartar agent, a breath agent, an anti-halitosis agent, a pharmaceutical agent, or a veterinary pharmaceutical agent.
15. The pet food product of claim 11 wherein the expanded matrix comprises a porosity from 50 to 95% by total volume of the expanded matrix.
16. The pet food product of claim 11 wherein the surfaces of the expanded matrix have a surface area from 0.2 to 0.7 m 2 /g.
17. The pet food product of claim 11 wherein the expanded matrix has a density from 30 to 80 lb/ft 3 .
18. The pet food product of claim 11 wherein the pet food product has a bulk density from 4 to 12 lb/ft 3 .
19. The pet food product of claim 11 wherein the pet food product has metabolizing energy (ME) in a range from 3 Kcal/g to 6 Kcal/g.