Medical manipulator

1. A medical manipulator comprising:

an elongated support member;

an end effector that is supported at a distal end of the support member so as to be movable in a longitudinal axial direction, the end effector being a pushing member that pushes out a staple;

a pusher-driving mechanism configured to move the pushing member;

an anvil that is supported at the distal end of the support member so as to be movable in the longitudinal axial direction and that deforms the staple that is pushed out by the pushing member toward the distal end in the longitudinal axial direction; and

an anvil-driving mechanism configured to move the anvil;

wherein the pusher-driving mechanism comprises:

a first pulling pulley that is supported so as to be rotatable about a first shaft that is secured to the end effector and that is orthogonal to the longitudinal axis; and

a first wire that is wound around the first pulling pulley so as to cause, when a proximal end thereof is pulled, tensile forces in substantially the same directions to act on the first pulling pulley on either side of the first pulling pulley flanking the first shaft, and

wherein the anvil-driving mechanism comprises:

a second pulling pulley that is supported so as to be rotatable about a second shaft that is secured to the anvil and that is orthogonal to the longitudinal axis; and

a second wire that is wound around the second pulling pulley so as to cause, when a proximal end thereof is pulled, tensile forces applied toward the proximal end in the longitudinal axial direction on either side of the second pulling pulley flanking the second shaft to act on the second pulling pulley.

2. The medical manipulator according to claim 1 , wherein the support member includes a slit that supports an axle of the first pulling pulley so as to allow movement thereof in a longitudinal axial direction.

3. The medical manipulator according to claim 1 , wherein two or more sets of the first pulling pulley and the first wire are provided.

4. The medical manipulator according to claim 1 , wherein two or more sets of the second pulling pulley and the second wire are provided.

5. The medical manipulator according to claim 1 , wherein the number of times the second wire is wound around the second pulling pulley is equal to or greater than the number of times the first wire is wound around the first pulling pulley.

6. The medical manipulator according to claim 1 , further comprising:

an anvil pulling wire that pulls the anvil toward the distal end in the longitudinal axial direction with respect to the support member.

7. The medical manipulator according to claim 6 ,

wherein the anvil pulling wire includes a third wire that pulls the anvil toward the distal end by being pulled toward the proximal end,

the medical manipulator includes an anvil manipulator that includes winding portions around which a proximal end of the third wire and a proximal end of the second wire are individually wound, the anvil manipulator individually applying pulling forces to the second wire and the third wire as a result of rotations of the individual winding portions, and

the individual winding portions of the anvil manipulator are rotated in synchronization at a circumferential speed that is proportional to a ratio of the distances by which the second wire and the third wire are pulled with respect to an amount by which the anvil is moved.

8. The medical manipulator according to claim 1 , further comprising:

a pushing-member pulling wire that pulls the pushing member toward the proximal end in the longitudinal axial direction with respect to the support member.

9. The medical manipulator according to claim 8 ,

wherein the pushing-member pulling wire includes a fourth wire that pulls the pushing member toward the proximal end as a result of being pulled toward the proximal end,

the medical manipulator includes a pushing-member manipulator that includes winding portions around which a proximal end of the fourth wire and the proximal end of the first wire are individually wound, the pushing-member manipulator individually applying pulling forces to the first wire and the fourth wire by means of rotations of the individual winding portions, and

the individual winding portions of the pushing-member manipulator are rotated in synchronization at a circumferential speed that is proportional to a ratio of the distances by which the first wire and the fourth wire are pulled with respect to an amount by which the pushing member is moved.

10. The medical manipulator according to claim 9 , wherein the pushing-member manipulator is formed of a two-stage pulley in which a ratio of diameters of the individual winding portions of the pushing-member is equal to the ratio of the distances by which the first wire and the fourth wire are pulled with respect to the amount by which the pushing member is moved, and the first wire and the fourth wire are wound therearound in opposite directions.

11. The medical manipulator according to claim 9 , wherein the pushing-member manipulator includes:

two pulleys in which the individual winding portions of the pushing-member manipulator are provided; and

a speed-reducing mechanism that causes the pulleys to be rotated in synchronization at circumferential speeds where a ratio thereof is equal to the ratio of the distances by which the first wire and the fourth wire are pulled with respect to the amount by which the pushing member is moved.

12. The medical manipulator according to claim 1 , wherein a force that causes the anvil to be moved toward the proximal end in the longitudinal axial direction as a result of the second wire being pulled is equal to or greater than a force that causes the pushing member to be moved toward the distal end in the longitudinal axial direction as a result of the first wire being pulled.

13. The medical manipulator according to claim 1 , wherein the pusher-driving mechanism is disposed further on a proximal-end side than the pushing member is.

14. A medical manipulator comprising:

an elongated support member;

an end effector that is supported at a distal end of the support member so as to be movable in a longitudinal axial direction, the end effector being a pushing member that pushes out a staple;

a first pulling pulley that is supported so as to be rotatable about a first shaft that is secured to the end effector and that is orthogonal to the longitudinal axis;

a first wire that is wound around the first pulling pulley so as to cause, when a proximal end thereof is pulled, tensile forces in substantially the same directions to act on the first pulling pulley on either side of the first pulling pulley flanking the first shaft;

an anvil that is supported at the distal end of the support member so as to be movable in the longitudinal axial direction and that deforms the staple that is pushed out by the pushing member toward the distal end in the longitudinal axial direction;

a second pulling pulley that is supported so as to be rotatable about a second shaft that is secured to the anvil and that is orthogonal to the longitudinal axis;

a second wire that is wound around the second pulling pulley so as to cause, when a proximal end thereof is pulled, tensile forces applied toward the proximal end in the longitudinal axial direction on either side of the second pulling pulley flanking the second shaft to act on the second pulling pulley;

an anvil pulling wire that includes a third wire that pulls the anvil toward the distal end in the longitudinal axial direction with respect to the support member by being pulled toward the proximal end; and

an anvil manipulator that includes winding portions around which a proximal end of the third wire and a proximal end of the second wire are individually wound, the anvil manipulator individually applying pulling forces to the second wire and the third wire as a result of rotations of the individual winding portions,

wherein the individual winding portions of the anvil manipulator are rotated in synchronization at a circumferential speed that is proportional to a ratio of the distances by which the second wire and the third wire are pulled with respect to an amount by which the anvil is moved.

15. The medical manipulator according to claim 14 , wherein the anvil manipulator is formed of a two-stage pulley in which a ratio of diameters of the individual winding portions is equal to the ratio of the distances by which the second wire and the third wire are pulled with respect to the amount by which the anvil is moved, and the second wire and the third wire are wound therearound in opposite directions.

16. The medical manipulator according to claim 15 , wherein the anvil manipulator includes:

two pulleys in which the individual winding portions are provided; and

a speed-reducing mechanism that causes the pulleys to be rotated in synchronization at circumferential speeds where a ratio thereof is equal to the ratio of the distances by which the second wire and the third wire are pulled with respect to the amount by which the anvil is moved.