Stimulation with electrode arrays
Some implementations provide an implantable wirelessly powered device for implantation in a patient's body, the device including: two or more electrode arrays configured to apply at least one electrical pulse to an excitable tissue, each electrode array including at least one electrode; two or more connector contacts, each integrally wired to a particular electrode array, each configured to drive the at least one electrode of the particular electrode array integrally wired thereto with the at least one electrical pulse and to set a polarity for each of the at least one electrode of the particular electrode array integrally wired thereto; a first antenna configured to: receive, from a second antenna and through electrical radiative coupling, an input signal containing electrical energy as well as polarity assignment information, the second antenna located outside the patient's body; and one or more circuits electrically connected to the first antenna and the connector contacts, the circuits configured to: create the one or more electrical pulses suitable for stimulation of the excitable tissue by using the electrical energy contained in the input signal; program each connector contact to set the polarity for the at least one electrode of the particular electrode array integrally wired thereto based on the polarity assignment information contained in the input signal; and supply the one or more electrical pulses to the connector contacts.
1. A method of operating a stimulation system to stimulate an excitable tissue of a patient, comprising:
implanting an implantable device of the stimulation system in an epidural space of the excitable tissue of the patient without inserting an implantable battery inside the patient, wherein said implanting comprises:
placing, using an assistive device, two or more electrode arrays of the implantable device into the epidural space of the excitable tissue, wherein the two or more electrode arrays are spaced apart from each other, wherein the two or more electrode arrays are distal to a central stem where the two or more electrode arrays converge, wherein the two or more electrode arrays are configured to apply at least one electrical pulse to the excitable tissue, and wherein each electrode array includes at least one electrode; and
withdrawing the assistive device from the epidural space of the excitable tissue of the patient;
operating the stimulation system to transmit an input signal from an exterior controller module to the implantable device in the epidural space of the excitable tissue of the patient, wherein the input signal is received by one or more non-inductive antenna in the implantable device through electrical radiative coupling, and wherein the input signal contains electrical energy as well as polarity assignment information;
operating the stimulation system to set a polarity of at least one electrode of each electrode array in accordance with the polarity assignment information;
operating the stimulation system to create the at least one electrical pulses from the electrical energy contained in the input signal such that the implantable device is wirelessly powered; and
operating the stimulations system to subsequently form a spatial pattern of electrical current in the excitable tissue when the at least one electrical pulses are applied to the excitable tissue.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
implanting the implantable device such that the two or more electrode arrays are placed bilaterally with regard to the excitable tissue; and
operating the stimulation system to subsequently form a lateral electrical current in the excitable tissue and between the two or more electrode arrays when the at least one electrical pulse is applied at the at least one electrode of the electrode arrays.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
implanting the implantable device such that the two or more electrode arrays are placed bilaterally with regard to the excitable tissue; and
operating the stimulation system to subsequently form a longitudinal electrical current in the excitable tissue when the at least one electrical pulse is applied at the at least one electrode of the electrode arrays.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
implanting the implantable device such that the two or more electrode arrays are implanted longitudinally; and
operating the stimulation system to subsequently form a longitudinal electrical current in the excitable tissue and between the two or more electrode arrays when the at least one electrical pulse is applied at the at least one electrode of the electrode arrays.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the assistive device comprises at least one stylet, and wherein implanting the implantable device further comprises:
inserting at least one stylet into the two or more electrode arrays of the implantable device.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein implanting the implantable device further comprises
advancing the two or more electrode arrays of the implantable device such that the two or more electrode arrays are spaced around an excitable tissue.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the at least one stylet is inserted into one or more lumens in the implantable device.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the one or more lumens are located in the two or more electrode arrays of the implantable device.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the one or more lumens are located in the central stem of the implantable device.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the assistive device comprises at least one cannula, and wherein implanting the implantable device further comprises:
inserting the two or more electrode arrays of the implantable device into the at least one cannula; and
advancing the at least one cannula such that the two or more electrode arrays are placed around an excitable tissue.
11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising
inserting a first electrode array of the implantable device into a first cannula;
advancing the first cannula to place the first electrode array near an excitable tissue; and
subsequently peeling away the first cannula towards the central stem where the two or more electrode arrays of the implantable device converge.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
inserting a second electrode array of the implantable device into a second cannula;
advancing the second cannula to place the second electrode array near an excitable tissue; and
peeling away the second cannula towards the central stem of the implantable device.