Graphic layers and related methods for incorporation of graphic layers into solar modules
In some aspects, graphic layers for depicting a visible representation of an image along a surface of a photovoltaic module can include a plurality of substantially opaque isolated regions; and at least one substantially transparent contiguous region surrounding the substantially opaque isolated regions, wherein an outer surface of the at least one substantially transparent contiguous region comprises a matte surface finish.
1. A graphic layer formed of a unitary sheet for covering substantially all of a light-incident surface of a photovoltaic layer of a photovoltaic module and for depicting a visible representation of an image along a surface of the photovoltaic module, the graphic layer comprising:
a plurality of substantially opaque isolated regions bearing portions of the image and being distributed across the graphic layer, the opaque isolated regions having a largest cross-sectional dimension that is about 1000 microns to about 5080 microns,
wherein:
the substantially opaque isolated regions are offset, by an angle that is about 30 degrees to about 60 degrees, from other adjacent neighboring substantially opaque regions that are closest when measured by a distance between geometric centers of the substantially opaque isolated regions;
at least a portion of the isolated regions comprise a base layer and an image layer, the base layer comprising a substantially white layer, wherein a ratio of an average thickness of the base layer to an average thickness of the image layer is about 4:1 to about 1:2, and a ratio of the width of the base layer to the width of the image layer is about 0.9:1 to about 1.1:1;
the substantially opaque isolated regions occupy a surface area of less than about 50% of the surface area of the graphic layer and together form the visible representation of the image; and
a substantially transparent contiguous layer along which the substantially opaque isolated regions are disposed, the substantially transparent contiguous layer covering the photovoltaic layer between the substantially opaque isolated regions.
2. The graphic layer of claim 1 wherein the substantially opaque isolated regions have a largest cross-sectional dimension of about 3000 microns to about 4000 microns.
3. The graphic layer of claim 1 wherein the offset angle is about 45 degrees.
4. The graphic layer of claim 1 wherein an average shortest distance between perimeters of neighboring substantially opaque isolated regions is less than or equal to about 4 times an average largest cross-sectional dimension of the substantially opaque isolated regions.
5. The graphic layer of claim 1 wherein an average shortest distance between perimeters of neighboring substantially opaque isolated regions is greater than or equal to about 0.98 times an average largest cross-sectional dimension of the substantially opaque isolated regions.
6. The graphic layer of claim 1 wherein the ratio of the average thickness of the base layer to the average thickness of the image layer is about 2:1.
7. The graphic layer of claim 1 wherein the isolated regions are substantially elliptical.
8. The graphic layer of claim 1 wherein the isolated regions are substantially circular.
9. The graphic layer of claim 1 wherein the isolated regions are substantially polygonal shaped.
10. The graphic layer of claim 1 wherein the substantially opaque isolated regions occupy a surface area of less than about 30% of the surface area of the graphic layer.
11. The graphic layer of claim 1 wherein the substantially opaque isolated regions occupy a surface area of less than about 20% of the surface area of the graphic layer.
12. The graphic layer of claim 1 wherein the substantially opaque isolated regions occupy a surface area of less than about 10% of the surface area of the graphic layer.
13. The graphic layer of claim 1 wherein the substantially opaque isolated regions occupy a surface area of less than about 5% of the surface area of the graphic layer.
14. The graphic layer of claim 1 wherein the graphic layer substantially covers an entire front surface of the photovoltaic module.
15. The graphic layer of claim 1 wherein the substantially opaque isolated regions are distributed substantially evenly along the entire graphic layer.
16. The graphic layer of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the substantially opaque isolated regions are offset from adjacent columns of neighboring substantially opaque regions by an offset angle that is about 30 degrees to about 60 degrees from an axis along which columns of substantially opaque regions are disposed.
17. The graphic layer of claim 1 wherein the substantially transparent contiguous region comprises a transparent decal layer and the substantially opaque isolated regions are disposed on a surface of the transparent decal layer.
18. The graphic layer of claim 17 wherein the surface of the transparent decal layer is an adhesive layer.
19. The graphic layer of claim 1 wherein the graphic layer is a layer applied to an external surface of the photovoltaic module.