Ink film constructions
An ink film construction including: (a) a printing substrate; and (b) at least one ink film, fixedly adhered to a top surface of the printing substrate, the ink film having an upper film surface distal to the top surface of the substrate, wherein a surface concentration of nitrogen at the upper film surface exceeds a bulk concentration of nitrogen within the film, the bulk concentration measured at a depth of at least 30 nanometers below the upper film surface, and wherein a ratio of the surface concentration to the bulk concentration is at least 1.1 to 1.
1. An ink film construction comprising:
(a) a printing substrate; and
(b) at least one ink film, fixedly adhered to a top surface of said printing substrate, said ink film containing at least one colorant dispersed in an organic polymeric resin
said ink film having an upper film surface distal to said top surface of said substrate, wherein a surface concentration of nitrogen at said upper film surface exceeds a bulk concentration of nitrogen within said film, said bulk concentration measured at a depth of at least 30 nanometers below said upper film surface,
and wherein a ratio of said surface concentration to said bulk concentration is at least 1.1 to 1.
2. The ink film construction of claim 1 , said ratio being at least 1.2:1, at least 1.3:1, at least 1.5:1, at least 1.75:1, at least 2:1, at least 3:1, or at least 5:1.
3. The ink film construction of claim 1 , wherein an atomic surface concentration ratio of nitrogen to carbon (N/C) at said upper film surface to an atomic bulk concentration ratio of nitrogen to carbon (N/C) at said depth, is at least 1.1:1, at least 1.2:1, at least 1.3:1, at least 1.5:1, at least 1.75:1, or at least 2:1.
4. The ink film construction of claim 1 , said ink film containing at least one colorant dispersed in an organic polymeric resin.
5. The ink film construction of claim 1 , wherein a surface concentration of secondary amines at said upper film surface exceeds a bulk concentration of said secondary amines at said depth.
6. The ink film construction of claim 1 , wherein a surface concentration of tertiary amines at said upper film surface exceeds a bulk concentration of said tertiary amines at said depth.
7. The ink film construction of claim 1 , wherein a surface concentration of at least one ammonium group at said upper film surface exceeds a bulk concentration of said ammonium group at said depth.
8. The ink film construction of claim 1 , wherein a surface concentration of secondary and tertiary amines at said upper film surface exceeds a bulk concentration of said secondary and tertiary amines at said depth.
9. The ink film construction of claim 1 , said upper film surface containing at least one polyethylene imine (PEI).
10. The ink film construction of claim 1 , said upper film surface containing a secondary amine exhibiting an X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) peak at 402.0±0.4 eV, 402.0±0.3 eV, or 402.0±0.2 eV.
11. The ink film construction of claim 1 , said upper film surface containing a poly quaternium cationic guar.
12. The ink film construction of claim 1 , said poly quaternium cationic guar including at least one of a guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride and a hydroxypropyl guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride.
13. The ink film construction of claim 1 , said upper film surface containing a polymer having at least one quaternary amine group.
14. The ink film construction of claim 1 , said ammonium group including a salt of a primary amine.
15. The ink film construction of claim 1 , said salt including, or consisting of, an HCl salt.
16. The ink film construction of claim 1 , said upper film surface containing a polymer or compound selected from the group consisting of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), poly(4-vinylpyridine), polyallylamine, a vinyl pyrrolidone-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide co-polymer, a vinyl caprolactam-dimethylaminopropyl methacryamide hydroxyethyl methacrylate copolymer, a quaternized copolymer of vinyl pyrrolidone and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate with diethyl sulfate.
17. The ink film construction of claim 1 , said depth being at least 50 nanometers, at least 100 nanometers, at least 200 nanometers, or at least 300 nanometers below said upper film surface.
18. The ink film construction of claim 1 , said ink film having an average thickness of at most 5000 nanometers, at most 4000 nanometers, at most 3500 nanometers, at most 3000 nanometers, at most 2500 nanometers, at most 2000 nanometers, at most 1500 nanometers, at most 1200 nanometers, at most 1000 nanometers, at most 800 nanometers, or at most 650 nanometers.
19. The ink film construction of claim 1 , said ink film having an average thickness of at least 100 nanometers, at least 150 nanometers, or at least 175 nanometers.