Methods and formulations for modulating Lyn kinase activity and treating related disorders
The present invention relates to compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and formulations comprising the compounds or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof that are useful in modulating lyn kinase activity. In particular, the compounds or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are useful for treating or preventing a disease or disorder including cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, dyslipoproteinemia, a disorder of glucose metabolism, metabolic syndrome (i.e., Syndrome X), a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-associated disorder, septicemia, a thrombotic disorder, type II diabetes, obesity, pancreatitis, hypertension, renal disease, inflammation, or impotence.
1. A method of treating insulin resistance or prediabetes in a mammal comprising administering to the mammal in need thereof an effective amount of a composition comprising a compound of formula:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
R 1 is methyl and n is 1;
X is a halogen; and
m is 0 or 1.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound is a compound of formula:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound is administered orally in an amount of 0.5 mg to 20 mg per kilogram of body weight or 1 mg to 10 mg per kilogram of body weight.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound is administered intravenously in an amount of 0.1 mg to 35 mg per kilogram of body weight or 1 mg to 10 mg per kilogram of body weight.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound is administered intranasally in an amount of 0.01 pg to 1 mg per kilogram of body weight.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound is administered concurrently with the administration of another therapeutic agent chosen from a statin, a PPAR agonist, a bile-acid-binding resin, niacin, nicotinic acid, a RXR agonist, an anti-obesity drug, a hormone, an insulin secretagogue, a tyrophostine, a sulfonylurea-based drug, metformin, an α-glucosidase inhibitor, an apo A-I agonist, apolipoprotein E, a cardiovascular drug, and a chemotherapeutic agent.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein:
the statin is chosen from atorvastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, simvastatin, and cerivastatin;
the PPAR agonist is chosen from troglitazone, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, ciglitazone, 5-((4-(2-(methyl-2-pyridinylamino)ethoxy)phenyl)methyl)-2,4-thiazolidinedione, AD 5075, WAY-120,744, englitazone, darglitazone, gemfibrozil, fenofibrate, clofibrate, and ciprofibrate;
the bile-acid-binding resin is cholestyramine or colestipol hydrochloride;
the RXR agonist is chosen from LG 100268, LGD 1069, 9-cis retinoic acid, 2-(1-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)-cyclopropyl)-pyridine-5-carboxylic acid, and 4-((3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)2-carbonyl)-benzoic acid;
the anti-obesity drug is chosen from β-3 receptor agonists, sibutramine, bupropion, fluoxetine, and phentermine;
the hormone is chosen from thyroid hormone, estrogen, and insulin;
the insulin secretagogue is chosen from forskolin, dibutryl cAMP, and isobutylmethylxanthine;
the tyrophostine is tryophostine 51;
the sulfonylurea-based drug is chosen from glisoxepid, glyburide, acetohexamide, chlorpropamide, glibornuride, tolbutamide, tolazamide, glipizide, gliclazide, gliquidone, glyhexamide, phenbutamide, and tolcyclamide;
the α-glucosidase inhibitor is chosen from acarbose and miglitol;
the apo A-I agonist is the Milano form of apo A-I (apo A-IM);
the cardiovascular drug is chosen from methyldopa, diazoxide, hydralazine, phentolamine, amrinone, milrinone, enoximone, fenoximone, imazodan, sulmazole, ranitine, bosentan, and rezulin; and
the chemotherapeutic agent is chosen from methotrexate, taxol, mercaptopurine, thioguanine, hydroxyurea, cytarabine, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, nitrosoureas, cisplatin, carboplatin, mitomycin, dacarbazine, procarbizine, etoposides, campathecins, bleomycin, doxorubicin, idarubicin, daunorubicin, dactinomycin, plicamycin, mitoxantrone, asparaginase, vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine, paclitaxel, and docetaxel.