Thermographic inspection for tape layup machines
Systems and methods are provided for thermal inspection of tape layup. One embodiment is a method for performing inspection of a tape layup. The method comprises laying up tape onto a surface of a laminate, applying heat to tack the tape to the surface, and generating thermographic images of the tape as applied to the surface.
1. A method for performing tape layup inspection, the method comprising:
heating a surface of a laminate;
generating thermographic images of the surface;
laying up lanes of tape onto the surface of the laminate;
heating the lanes of tape;
generating thermographic images of the lanes of tape as applied to the laminate;
analyzing, via a controller, contrast within thermographic images to identify regions having different temperatures; and
categorizing, via the controller, a type of debris within a region based upon at least one of a size of the region, a shape of the region, or a difference in temperature between the region and other regions.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein:
pixel values within the thermographic images correspond with temperatures, and the method further comprises:
identifying regions that have different temperatures, based on differences between values of neighboring pixels; and
assigning neighboring pixels that have differences in temperature of more than one degree Fahrenheit to different regions.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein:
categories of debris are selected from the group consisting of: pills of fiber at the tape, liquids, particles, and a backing for the tape.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
determining a location of the debris by:
determining a position of an infrared camera at a time when the thermographic image was generated;
determining a coordinate of a region as depicted within the thermographic image; and
determining a location at the laminate corresponding with the region based on the position of the infrared camera and the coordinate of the region.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein:
analyzing contrast within thermographic images comprises:
reviewing the thermographic images of the surface of the laminate to identify debris covered by at least one layer of the tape, and
reviewing the thermographic images of the lanes of tape as applied to the laminate to identify debris at a surface of the lanes of tape.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the tape comprises a fiber reinforced material.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the tape layup machine is selected from the group consisting of: Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) machines and Automated Tape Layup (ATL) machines.
8. A portion of an aircraft assembled according to the method of claim 1 .
9. A method for performing tape layup inspection, the method comprising:
laying up lanes of tape onto a surface of a laminate;
heating the lanes of tape;
generating thermographic images of the lanes of tape as applied to the laminate;
analyzing, via a controller, contrast within thermographic images to identify regions having different temperatures; and
categorizing, via the controller, a type of debris within a region based upon at least one of a size of the region, a shape of the region, or a difference in temperature between the region and other regions.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein:
pixel values within the thermographic images correspond with temperatures, and the method further comprises:
identifying regions that have different temperatures, based on differences between values of neighboring pixels; and
assigning neighboring pixels that have differences in temperature of more than one degree Fahrenheit to different regions.
11. The method of claim 9 wherein:
categories of debris are selected from the group consisting of: pills of fiber at the tape, liquids, particles, and a backing for the tape.
12. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
determining a location of the debris by:
determining a position of an infrared camera at a time when the thermographic image was generated;
determining a coordinate of a region as depicted within the thermographic image; and
determining a location at the laminate corresponding with the region based on the position of the infrared camera and the coordinate of the region.
13. The method of claim 9 wherein:
analyzing contrast within thermographic images comprises:
reviewing the thermographic images of the surface of the laminate to identify debris covered by at least one layer of the tape, and
reviewing the thermographic images of the lanes of tape as applied to the laminate to identify debris at a surface of the lanes of tape.
14. The method of claim 9 wherein:
the tape comprises a fiber reinforced material.
15. The method of claim 9 wherein:
the tape layup machine is selected from the group consisting of: Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) machines and Automated Tape Layup (ATL) machines.
16. A portion of an aircraft assembled according to the method of claim 9 .
17. A tape layup inspection system comprising:
a head of a tape layup machine, comprising:
tape dispensers that lay up lanes of tape onto a surface of a laminate;
a heating element disposed upstream of the tape dispensers that applies heat to the surface prior to laying up the lanes;
an infrared camera disposed upstream of the tape dispensers that generates thermographic images of the surface of the laminate;
a heating element disposed downstream of the tape dispensers that applies heat to the lanes after laying up the lanes;
an infrared camera disposed downstream of the tape dispensers that generates thermographic images of the lanes of tape as applied to the laminate; and
a controller that is configured to acquire thermographic images from the infrared cameras, analyze contrast within thermographic images to identify regions having different temperatures, and categorize a type of debris within a region based upon at least one of a size of the region, a shape of the region, or a difference in temperature between the region and other regions.
18. The system of claim 17 wherein:
pixel values within the thermographic images correspond with temperatures, and the controller further identifies regions that have different temperatures, based on differences between values of neighboring pixels, and assigns neighboring pixels that have differences in temperature of more than one degree Fahrenheit to different regions.
19. The system of claim 17 wherein:
categories of debris are selected from the group consisting of: pills of fiber at the tape, liquids, particles, and a backing for the tape.
20. The system of claim 17 wherein:
the controller determines a location of the debris by:
determining a position of the infrared camera at a time when the thermographic image was generated;
determining a coordinate of a region as depicted within the thermographic image; and
determining a location at the laminate corresponding with the region based on the position of the infrared camera and the coordinate of the region.
21. The system of claim 17 wherein:
the controller analyzes contrast within thermographic images by:
reviewing the thermographic images of the surface of the laminate to identify debris covered by at least one layer of the tape, and
reviewing the thermographic images of the lanes of tape as applied to the laminate to identify debris at a surface of the lanes of tape.
22. The system of claim 17 wherein:
the tape comprises a fiber reinforced material.
23. The system of claim 17 wherein:
the tape layup machine is selected from the group consisting of: Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) machines and Automated Tape Layup (ATL) machines.
24. The system of claim 17 wherein:
the laminate comprises a portion of an aircraft.
25. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
heating the surface of the laminate; and
generating thermographic images of the surface of the laminate.