Continuous process for the production of nanostructures including nanotubes
The present invention provides methods for uniform growth of nanostructures such as nanotubes (e.g., carbon nanotubes) on the surface of a substrate, wherein the long axes of the nanostructures may be substantially aligned. The nanostructures may be further processed for use in various applications, such as composite materials. For example, a set of aligned nanostructures may be formed and transferred, either in bulk or to another surface, to another material to enhance the properties of the material. In some cases, the nanostructures may enhance the mechanical properties of a material, for example, providing mechanical reinforcement at an interface between two materials or plies. In some cases, the nanostructures may enhance thermal and/or electronic properties of a material. The present invention also provides systems and methods for growth of nanostructures, including batch processes and continuous processes.
1. A method of forming a composite, comprising:
applying a mechanical force to a plurality of nano structures arranged in a pattern on a surface of a substrate such that orientations of the nanostructures are changed from a first orientation in which long axes of the nanostructures are not substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate to a second orientation in which the long axes of the nanostructures are substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate;
exposing the plurality of nanostructures to a support material such that the support material enters spaces between the nanostructures; and
hardening the support material to form the composite;
wherein the exposing step occurs while the nanostructures remain in contact with the substrate.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanostructures comprise nanotubes, nanofibers, and/or nanowires.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanostructures comprise nanotubes.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanostructures comprise carbon nanotubes.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the support material is a polymeric support material.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the support material is an epoxy, and hardening the support material comprises curing the epoxy.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the applying the mechanical force comprises using a roller to knock over the nanostructures.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising forming the nanostructures on the surface of the substrate.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein forming the nanostructures on the surface of the substrate comprises catalytically forming the nanostructures on the surface of the substrate.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pattern comprises multiple forests of nanostructures on the surface of the substrate.