Superconductivity device comprising a phononic crystal
The invention is directed to a device and method to engineer the superconducting transition width by suppressing the phonon populations responsible for the Cooper-pair decoherence below the superconducting transition temperature via phononic bandgap engineering. The device uses phononic crystals to engineer a phononic frequency gap that suppresses the decohering thermal phonon population just below the Cooper-frequency, and thus the normal conduction electron population. For example, such engineering can relax the cooling requirements for a variety of circuits yielding higher operational quality factors for superconducting electronics and interconnects.
1. A superconducting device, comprising:
a two-dimensional phononic crystal comprising a periodic array of holes or plugs in a superconducting matrix material, wherein the holes or plug material provide an acoustic impedance mismatch with the matrix material, wherein the matrix material has a superconducting transition temperature T c , and wherein the phononic crystal has a phononic bandgap at a frequency that suppresses a decohering thermal phonon population just below the Cooper-frequency of the matrix material, thereby suppressing the normal conduction electron population near T c and narrowing the width of the superconducting transition.
2. The superconducting device of claim 1 , wherein the superconducting transition temperature of the plug material is less than T c .
3. The superconducting device of claim 1 , wherein the plug material comprises a metal.
4. The superconducting device of claim 3 , wherein the plug material comprises tungsten.
5. The superconducting device of claim 1 , wherein the matrix material comprises a metal.
6. The superconducting device of claim 1 , wherein the matrix material comprises aluminum, tantalum, iridium, tin, lead, niobium, titanium, palladium, indium, vanadium, or alloys thereof.
7. The superconducting device of claim 1 , wherein the matrix material comprises a compound.
8. The superconducting device of claim 1 , wherein the unit cell size of the phononic crystal is less than the acoustic wavelength of the Cooper-frequency of the matrix material.
9. The superconducting device of claim 1 , wherein the unit cell size of the periodic array is less than 300 nm.
10. The superconducting device of claim 1 , wherein the periodic array comprises a square or hexagonal lattice.