Methods of Controlling the Rate of Ripening in Harvested Produce
The present disclosure provides methods for controlling the rate of ripening for agricultural produce. The present disclosure further provides coating compositions that can be applied to produce to control (e.g., lessen) the rate of ripening of the produce.
1 . A method of treating an agricultural product, comprising:
causing a composition to be applied to a surface of the agricultural product, thereby forming a protective coating over the agricultural product;
causing the agricultural product to be held at a first ambient temperature, wherein the protective coating causes a mass loss rate or a respiration rate of the agricultural product to decrease while the agricultural product is held at the first ambient temperature; and
causing the ambient temperature of the agricultural product to change to a second ambient temperature.
2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising causing the agricultural product to be treated with a ripening agent.
3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the treating of the agricultural product with the ripening agent comprises gassing the agricultural product with ethylene.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the second ambient temperature is greater than the first ambient temperature.
5 . The method of claim 4 , further comprising causing the agricultural product to be gassed with ethylene after the ambient temperature of the agricultural product is changed to the second ambient temperature.
6 . The method of claim 4 , wherein the agricultural product is maintained at a third ambient temperature less than the second ambient temperature while the coating is formed.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first ambient temperature is less than 13° C., and the second ambient temperature is greater than 15° C.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first ambient temperature is in a range of 2° C. to 15° C., and the second ambient temperature is greater than 15° C.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises fatty acids, esters, triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, amides, amines, thiols, thioesters, carboxylic acids, ethers, aliphatic waxes, alcohols, salts, acids, bases, proteins, enzymes, monomers, oligomers, polymers, or combinations thereof.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises compounds of Formula I, wherein Formula I is:
wherein:
R is selected from —H, —C 1 -C 6 alkyl, —C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, —C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, —C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more C 1 -C 6 alkyl or hydroxy;
R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , R 6 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 and R 13 are each independently, at each occurrence, —H, —OR 14 , —NR 14 R 15 , —SR 14 , halogen, —C 1 -C 6 alkyl, —C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, —C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, —C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with —OR 14 , —NR 14 R 15 , —SR 14 , or halogen;
R 3 , R 4 , R 7 and R 8 are each independently, at each occurrence, —H, —OR 14 , —NR 14 R 15 , —SR 14 halogen, —C 1 -C 6 alkyl, —C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, —C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, —C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more —OR 14 , —NR 14 R 15 , —SR 14 , or halogen; or
R 3 and R 4 can combine with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, a C 4 -C 6 cycloalkenyl, or 3 to 6-membered ring, heterocycle; and/or
R 7 and R 8 can combine with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, a C 4 -C 6 cycloalkenyl, or 3 to 6-membered ring, heterocycle; and/or
R 14 and R 15 are each independently, at each occurrence, —H, —C 1 -C 6 alkyl, —C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, or —C 2 -C 6 alkynyl;
the symbol represents an optionally single or cis or trans double bond;
n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8;
m is 0, 1, 2, or 3;
q is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; and
r is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises 2,3-dihydroxypropan-1-yl palmitate, 2,3-dihydroxypropan-1-yl octadecanoate, or a combination thereof.
13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the protective coating is formed prior to the agricultural product being ripe.
14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the protective coating is substantially undetectable to the human eye when formed over the agricultural product.
15 . A method of treating an agricultural product, comprising:
causing a composition comprising a coating agent in a solvent to be applied to a surface of the agricultural product to form a coating over the surface, wherein the coating serves to delay spoilage of the agricultural product;
causing the agricultural product to be stored; and
causing the coating to be at least partially removed.
16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the at least partial removal of the coating comprises mechanical removal of the coating.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the mechanical removal of the coating comprises placing the coated agricultural product on a brush bed.
18 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the at least partial removal of the coating causes a ripening rate of the agricultural product to increase.
19 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the agricultural product is stored for at least 1 day with the coating thereon prior to the at least partial removal of the coating.
20 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the coating agent comprises fatty acids, esters, triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, amides, amines, thiols, thioesters, carboxylic acids, ethers, aliphatic waxes, alcohols, salts, acids, bases, proteins, enzymes, monomers, oligomers, polymers, or combinations thereof.
21 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the agricultural product is coated before being harvested, and the coating is at least partially removed after the agricultural product is harvested.
22 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the at least partial removal of the coating causes the mass loss rate or the respiration rate of the agricultural product to increase.
23 . The method claim 15 , wherein the coating has a thickness less than 10 microns.
24 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the causing the agricultural product to be stored comprises causing the agricultural product to be stored during sorting, processing, or shipping.
25 . The method of claim 15 , further comprising causing the agricultural product to be treated with ethylene.
26 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the coating agent comprises 2,3-dihydroxypropan-1-yl palmitate, 2,3-dihydroxypropan-1-yl octadecanoate, or a combination thereof.
27 . A method of treating an agricultural product, comprising:
causing a composition comprising a coating agent in a solvent to be applied to a surface of the agricultural product to form a coating over the surface, wherein the coating serves to delay spoilage of the agricultural product;
causing the agricultural product to be held at a first ambient temperature;
causing the ambient temperature of the agricultural product to change to a second ambient temperature; and
causing the agricultural product to be treated with a ripening agent.
28 . The method of claim 27 , wherein the coating agent comprises fatty acids, esters, triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, amides, amines, thiols, thioesters, carboxylic acids, ethers, aliphatic waxes, alcohols, salts, acids, bases, proteins, enzymes, monomers, oligomers, polymers, or combinations thereof.
29 . The method of claim 28 , wherein the solvent comprises water, ethanol, or combinations thereof.
30 . The method of claim 29 , wherein the treating of the agricultural product with the ripening agent comprises gassing the agricultural product with ethylene.