Eddy current nondestructive evaluation device with rotating permanent magnets and pickup coils
Some embodiments of the invention may include an eddy current nondestructive evaluation device. The eddy current nondestructive evaluation device may include a rotating body; a motor coupled with the rotating body such that the motor rotates the rotating body; a permanent magnet coupled with the rotating body; a pickup coil coupled with the rotating body; and an integrator circuit electrically coupled with the pickup coil that integrates a voltage from the pickup coil to produce integrated voltage data.
1. An eddy current nondestructive evaluation device comprising:
a rotating body;
a motor coupled with the rotating body such that the motor rotates the rotating body;
a rotational sensor coupled with the rotating body, the rotational sensor measures angular rotation of the rotating body, wherein the rotational sensor comprises an accelerometer;
a position tracking system that provides a spatial position of the eddy current nondestructive evaluation device, wherein the position tracking system comprises one or more of a laser, optics or an encoder wheel;
a permanent magnet coupled with the rotating body;
a pickup coil coupled with the rotating body; and
an integrator circuit electrically coupled with the pickup coil that integrates a voltage from the pickup coil to produce integrated voltage data to provide spatial data of a defect in a sample.
2. The eddy current nondestructive evaluation device according to claim 1 , wherein the pickup coil includes a plurality of loops wrapped around a bobbin coupled with the rotating body so that the permanent magnet and the pickup coil are stationary relative to one another while the rotating body is rotated.
3. The eddy current nondestructive evaluation device according to claim 1 , wherein the integrator circuit has an RC time less than about 1 ms.
4. The eddy current nondestructive evaluation device according to claim 1 , wherein the integrator circuit is stable for more than about 1 second.
5. The eddy current nondestructive evaluation device according to claim 1 , wherein the motor is configured to vary an angular velocity of the rotating body between 1 Hz and 200 Hz.
6. The eddy current nondestructive evaluation device according to claim 1 , wherein the integrator circuit comprises one or more droop resistors placed across at least one integration capacitor to achieve a droop RC timescale between 1 μs and 100 ms.
7. The eddy current nondestructive evaluation device according to claim 1 , wherein the integrator circuit is coupled within the rotating body.
8. The eddy current nondestructive evaluation device according to claim 1 , further comprising a data acquisition unit electrically coupled with the integrator circuit.
9. The eddy current nondestructive evaluation device according to claim 1 , wherein the pickup coil comprises between 20 and 3000 loops of wire.
10. The eddy current nondestructive evaluation device according to claim 1 , further comprising a wireless transmitter coupled with the rotating body and electrically coupled with the integrator circuit, the wireless transmitter configured to wirelessly transmit either or both the integrated voltage data and the voltage from the pickup coil.
11. The eddy current nondestructive evaluation device according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a second permanent magnet coupled with the rotating body; and
a second pickup coil coupled with the rotating body.
12. The eddy current nondestructive evaluation device according to claim 11 , further comprising a second integrator circuit electrically coupled with the second pickup coil that integrates a voltage from the second pickup coil to produce integrated voltage data.
13. The eddy current nondestructive evaluation device according to claim 1 , further comprising a rotating contactor providing electrical signals and/or power from within the rotating body to be coupled to an external non-rotating wiring harness.
14. The eddy current nondestructive evaluation device according to claim 1 , further comprising a data storage and retrieval system coupled with the rotating body and electrically coupled with the integrator circuit.
15. An eddy current nondestructive evaluation device comprising:
a translating body;
a permanent magnet coupled with the translating body;
a pickup coil coupled with the translating body;
a rotational sensor coupled with the translating body, the rotational sensor measures angular rotation of the rotating body, wherein the rotational sensor comprises an accelerometer;
a position tracking system that provides a spatial position of the eddy current nondestructive evaluation device, wherein the position tracking system comprises one or more of a laser, optics or an encoder wheel; and
an integrator circuit disposed within the translating body, the integrator circuit electrically coupled with the pickup coil that integrates a voltage from the pickup coil to produce integrated voltage data to provide spatial data of a defect in a sample.
16. The eddy current nondestructive evaluation device according to claim 15 , wherein the translating body is coupled with a fixed apparatus and a sample is translated or rotated relative to the translating body.
17. The eddy current nondestructive evaluation device according to claim 15 , wherein the translation rate of the translating body relative to a sample surface is about 0.05 m/s to about 10 m/s.
18. The eddy current nondestructive evaluation device according to claim 15 , wherein the permanent magnet comprises a plurality of permanent magnets.
19. The eddy current nondestructive evaluation device according to claim 15 , wherein the pickup coil comprises a plurality of pickup coils.
20. The eddy current nondestructive evaluation device according to claim 15 , wherein the pickup coil is either stationary or moving relative to the permanent magnet.
21. A method comprising: moving a rotating body having one or more permanent magnets and one or more pickup coils at a rate of movement near a surface of a sample;
measuring an angular rotation of the rotating body with an accelerometer;
measuring a spatial position of the rotating body with a position tracking system that comprises one or more of a laser, optics or an encoder wheel;
integrating one or more voltage signals from the one or more pickup coils to produce integrated voltage data; and
determining spatial data of a defect in the sample based at least on the integrated voltage data and the rate of movement, wherein the spatial data includes at least one of a depth, a size, and a shape of the defect.
22. The method according to claim 21 , further comprising varying the rate of movement in response to integrated voltage data.
23. The method according to claim 21 , further comprising:
reconstructing the size and shape of a defect in the sample based on the integrated voltage data and the rate of movement.
24. The method according to claim 21 , further comprising:
identifying defects in the surface of the sample by comparing the integrated voltage data with a reference database of known samples and defects.