Scalable production of genetically engineered nanofibrous macroscopic materials via filtration
Provided herein are filtration-based purification methods for amyloid fibers, such as curli fibers, directly from microbial culture, and their fabrication into free-standing thin films. Additionally, methods for recycling amyloid fibers thing films by, for example, disassembly and re-assembly, are disclosed herein.
1. A method of producing an amyloid fiber thin film comprising:
contacting a composition comprising amyloid fibers with a filter membrane;
washing the filter membrane;
crosslinking the amyloid fibers on the filter membrane using a crosslinking agent, thereby producing crosslinked amyloid fibers;
placing a second membrane on top of the crosslinked amyloid fibers, such that the crosslinked amyloid fibers are positioned between the filter membrane and the second membrane, wherein the second membrane is of a different material than the filter membrane;
dissolving the filter membrane with a solvent;
drying the crosslinked amyloid fibers on the second membrane; and
removing the crosslinked amyloid fibers from the second membrane;
thereby producing a amyloid fiber thin film.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amyloid fiber is selected from the group consisting of a curli fiber, a fiber comprising CsgA, a fiber comprising β-lactoglobulin, a fiber comprising sup-35, a fiber comprising Ure2p, a fiber comprising α-synuclein, a fiber comprising amyloid β-protein (A β), a fiber comprising medin, a fiber comprising prolactin, a fiber comprising gelsolin, a fiber comprising calcitonin, a fiber comprising cystatin, a fiber comprising transthyretin, a fiber comprising Pmell 7, and a fiber comprising β2-microglobulin.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amyloid fiber thin film comprises a CsgA polypeptide.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the CsgA polypeptide further comprises a linker and an activity polypeptide,
wherein the activity polypeptide is a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of: a conjugation domain, a functionalizing polypeptide, a Histidine tag, a silk protein, a nanobody, a metal binding domain (MBD), a graphene binding (GBP) domain, a carbon nanotube binding (CBP) domain, a gold binding (A3) domain, CT43, FLAG, Z8, E14, QBP1, CLP12, and AFP8; and
wherein the linker is attached at one end to the CsgA polypeptide and at the other end to the activity polypeptide.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the linker is attached to the C-terminus of the CsgA polypeptide or the N-terminus of the CsgA polypeptide.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the conjugation domain is selected from the group consisting of: SpyTag, EFCA, WRESAI, ARVCF, CaM, SZ21, VMAN11, and DnaE ΔC35.
7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the conjugation domain is selected from the group consisting of: SpyCatcher, a PDZ domain, Tip1, InaD, M13, SZ16, VMAΔN11, and DnaEC35.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the CsgA polypeptide is contacted with a partner conjugation domain attached to a functionalizing polypeptide, wherein the partner conjugation domain is selected from the group consisting of SpyCatcher, a PDZ domain, Tip1, InaD, M13, SZ16, VMAΔN11, and DnaEΔC35.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the CsgA polypeptide is contacted with a partner conjugation domain attached to a functionalizing polypeptide, wherein the partner conjugation domain is selected from the group consisting of SpyTag, EFCA, WRESAI, ARVCF, CaM, SZ21, VMAN11, and DnaEΔC35.
10. The method of claim 4 , wherein the functionalizing polypeptide is an enzyme.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the activity of the enzyme is maintained after the dissolving step.