Use of a wax anti-settling additive in automotive fuel compositions
Use of a wax anti-settling agent (WASA), in an automotive fuel composition, for the purpose of improving the acceleration performance of an internal combustion engine into which the fuel composition is or is intended to be introduced or of a vehicle powered by such an engine.
1. A method for improving an acceleration performance of an internal combustion engine, the method comprising:
combusting an automotive diesel fuel composition in an internal combustion engine,
the automotive diesel fuel composition comprising:
a wax anti-settling agent (WASA); and
a middle distillate flow improver (MDFI),
wherein the wax anti-settling agent comprises an oil-soluble polar nitrogen compound in the form of a quaternary ammonium salt of a carboxylic acid wherein the quaternary ammonium salt of a carboxylic acid has the formula [NR 2 R 13 R 14 ]X wherein R represents a methyl, ethyl or propyl group; R 13 represents a hydrocarbyl group containing from 8 to 40 carbon atoms, and R 14 represents a hydrocarbyl group containing up to 40 carbon atoms; and X represents a monovalent carboxylate anion,
wherein the MDFI comprises one or more of a vinyl acetate-containing compound, a vinyl acetate-containing polymer, and a copolymer of alkenes and unsaturated esters,
wherein the concentration of the wax anti-settling agent in the automotive diesel fuel composition is in the range from 100 ppm to 500 ppm by weight of the automotive diesel fuel composition, and
wherein the MDFI additive is present at a level of from 100 ppm to 500 ppm, by weight of the automotive diesel fuel composition.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein each of R 13 and R 14 represents a C 12 to C 24 straight chain alkyl group.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein R 13 and optionally R 14 represent alkyl groups derived from hydrogenated tallow fat.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein R 13 represents a methyl, ethyl or propyl group and R 14 represents a C 12 to C 24 straight-chain alkyl group.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the carboxylic acid is a dicarboxylic acid.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the dicarboxylic acid is oxalic acid or phthalic acid.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the automotive fuel composition comprises a viscosity index improver (VII) additive.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the viscosity index improver (VII) additive is present at a level of from 50 ppm to 1000 ppm by weight of the automotive fuel composition.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the automotive fuel composition is free of viscosity index improver (VII) additive.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the acceleration performance of the internal combustion engine is improved one or more of:
0.14% at 1,500 rpm to 2,500 rpm,
0.26% at 2,500 rpm to 4,000 rpm, and
0.23% at 1,500 rpm to 4,000 rpm,
in comparison to an analogous fuel composition not containing a WASA and a MDFI.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a torque performance of the internal combustion engine is improved by at least 0.1%, or at least 0.2%, or at least 0.3%, or at least 0.4%, or at least 0.5%, or at least 0.6%, or at least 0.7%, in comparison to an analogous fuel composition not containing a WASA and a MDFI.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a torque performance of the internal combustion engine is improved one or more of:
0.16% at 1,500 rpm,
0.06% at 2,000 rpm,
0.14% at 2,500 rpm,
0.15% at 3,000 rpm,
0.19% at 3,500 rpm, and
0.14% at 4,000 rpm,
in comparison to an analogous fuel composition not containing a WASA and a MDFI.