Shape-adaptive medical implant
The invention relates to a shape-adaptive medical implant having at least one actuator, which the implant can be changed from a first implant geometry to a second implant geometry, the implant having a different geometric shape in the second implant geometry from that in the first implant geometry, wherein the actuator has a swellable chemical substance which swells when supplied with liquid, and wherein the implant which is designed to supply liquid present outside the implant to the swellable chemical substance. The invention also relates to the use of an electrical signal source.
1. A shape-adaptive medical implant comprising:
at least one actuator for changing the implant from a first implant geometry to a second implant geometry, the implant having a different geometric shape and volume in the second implant geometry than in the first implant geometry, the at least one actuator comprising a swellable polyelectrolytic hydrogel filling for which liquid exposure is sufficient to cause swelling, the filling configured to convert from a swollen state into a non-swollen state as a consequence of supply with an electric or electromagnetic field to the filling;
at least one stimulation electrode contact disposed in a first side of the implant;
at least one liquid-transport means disposed in a second side of the medical implant opposite the first side, and configured to supply liquid present outside the implant to the filling, wherein the filling is enclosed within the implant between the at least one electrode contact and the liquid-transport means; and
unidirectional conductive reinforcement fibers extending in or on the second side of the implant and configured to limit a lateral expansion of the implant, wherein the implant is configured to supply the electric or electromagnetic field to the filling through the fibers.
2. The implant as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the filling contains an ionic medicament.
3. The implant as claimed in claim 1 wherein the at least one liquid-transport means has a membrane-type structure or has a form of micropores of an outer skin of the at least one actuator.
4. The implant as claimed in claim 1 wherein the liquid-soluble chemical substance is polyvinylpyrrolidone.
5. The implant as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fibers cannot absorb forces in an axial direction of the implant.
6. The implant as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fibers are carbon fibers.
7. The implant as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the filling includes polyacrylamide.
8. The implant as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fibers have a linked structure.
9. The implant as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the implant is in a form of a cochlear implant.
10. A method to explant the shape-adaptive medical implant of claim 1 , the method comprising:
implanting the shape-adaptive medical implant of claim 1 in a patient;
supplying the electric or electromagnetic field to the filling through the unidirectional conductive reinforcement fibers of the implant, and thus reducing the implant in volume; and
explanting the implant from the patient.
11. The implant as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the unidirectional conductive reinforcement fibers have a fiber direction transverse to a longitudinal direction of the actuator.