Proactive channel probing for wavelength switching in optical transmission systems
A proactive and non-obtrusive channel probing scheme is provided to accurately predict channel power, gain, and optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) without disrupting the existing connections. In one example, using a probe signal with 5 μs pulse duration in a single-hop network, rapid wavelength switching is achieved with power excursions less than or equal to 0.2 dB for different loading configurations.
1. A method for estimating channel power excursions of existing channels located at optical wavelengths currently occupied along an optical path through a WDM optical transmission system when a new channel is added to the path at an unoccupied optical wavelength, comprising:
a. generating an optical probe pulse at the unoccupied wavelength, the optical probe pulse having a duration that is less than the response time of each of one or more optical amplifiers located along the path through which the optical probe pulse is to pass;
b. transmitting the optical probe pulse through the path;
c. determining gain imparted to the existing and probe channels after they traverse the optical path; and
d. based at least in part on the measured gain imparted to the existing and probe channels, determining a gain excursion along the path arising from adding the probe channel to the path.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising comparing the gain excursion to a threshold value and adding a new channel at the unoccupied wavelength if the gain excursion is below the threshold value.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising repeating steps (a)-(d) for a plurality of unoccupied wavelengths and further comprising adding a new channel at one of the unoccupied wavelengths for which the gain excursion along the path is below a threshold value.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the optical amplifiers is a rare-earth doped optical amplifier.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the rare-earth doped optical amplifier is an erbium-doped optical amplifier.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the gain excursion includes determining the gain excursion in accordance with a relationship in which a channel output power of a given channel after traversing the optical path depends upon an input channel power of the given channel, wherein the dependency is based at least in part on (i) a wavelength-dependent gain ripple of the optical amplifiers located along the path for the given channel and for the existing channels and (ii) an input optical power of the existing channels.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the relationship is based on a model that includes a noise contribution from amplified spontaneous emission (ASE).
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining an optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) of the optical probe pulse after it traverses the optical path.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein determining the optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) of the optical probe pulse after it traverses the optical path includes measuring a power difference between a peak and non-peak of the optical probe pulse.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the gain imparted to the existing and probe channels after they traverse the optical path includes measuring a gain ripple of the existing and probe channels after they traverse the optical path.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the optical path extends between a pair of network nodes in the WDM optical transmission system.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining chromatic dispersion of the optical probe pulse by measuring broadening or distortion of the optical probe pulse or modulation placed on the probe pulse after it traverses the optical path.
13. The method of claim 1 , Wherein the WDM optical transmission system is a Reconfigurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexing (ROADM) network.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the one or more optical amplifiers are constant gain optical amplifiers.
15. The method of claim 1 , further comprising repeating steps (a)-(d) for a plurality of unoccupied wavelengths and further comprising adding a plurality of channel at a respective plurality of the unoccupied wavelengths for which the gain excursions along the path is below a threshold value.
16. A method for estimating channel power excursions of existing channels located at optical wavelengths currently occupied along an optical path through a WDM optical transmission system when a new channel is added to the path at an unoccupied optical wavelength, comprising:
a. generating an optical probe pulse at the unoccupied wavelength, the optical probe pulse having a mean power that is no greater than a mean power of a pulse that has a duration that is less than the response time of each of one or more optical amplifiers located along the path through which the optical probe pulse is to pass;
b. transmitting the optical probe pulse through the path;
c. determining gain imparted to the existing and probe channels after they traverse the optical path; and
d. based at least in part on the measured gain imparted to the existing and probe channels, determining a gain excursion along the path arising from adding the probe channel to the path.