Modified dystrophin proteins
Synthetic nucleic acids encoding mini and microdystrophin genes comprising the membrane binding motifs or domains of the R10-R11-R12 region are provided. Also provided are vectors, host cells, and related methods of using the same to treat a subject suffering from Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) or X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy (XLDC), or for ameliorating one or more adverse effects of DMD, BMD, or XLDC. Also provided are a fusion protein comprising a nNOS binding domain of dystrophin R16-R17 that is operably linked to a syntrophin PDZ domain and synthetic nucleic acids comprising the same that can be used to treat subjects with diseases characterized by loss of sarcolemmal neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activity.
1. A synthetic nucleic acid molecule encoding a synthetic mini-dystrophin gene or micro-dystrophin gene encoding a synthetic, non-full length dystrophin protein comprising: (i) an N-terminal (NT) domain of the dystrophin protein or a modified N-terminal domain of the dystrophin protein; and (ii) at least two membrane binding motifs (MBM) independently selected from the group consisting of (a) an MBM of an R1-R2 membrane binding domain (MBD), wherein the MBM of R1-R2 comprises a cysteine residue corresponding to the conserved cysteine residue of the S-palmitoylation site peptide of SEQ ID NO: 54, (b) an MBM of an R11-R12 MBD, wherein the MBM of R11-R12 comprises a cysteine residue corresponding to the conserved cysteine residue of the S-palmitoylation site peptide of SEQ ID NO: 57, (c) an MBM of a CR membrane binding domain, and (d) an MBM of a CT membrane binding domain; wherein the domains and the MBM are arranged from N to C terminus in the order in which they occur in a wild-type dystrophin protein and are operably linked.
2. The synthetic nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 , wherein the MBM of R1-R2 comprises an at least one S palmitoylation site peptide of SEQ ID NO: 54.
3. The synthetic nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 , wherein: (i) R3 repeat or R2-R3 repeats are absent from the non-full length dystrophin protein; or (ii) the R1, R2, R3, R1 and R2, R2 and R3, or R1, R2, and R3 repeats are present in the non-full length dystrophin protein.
4. The synthetic nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 , wherein the MBM of R11-R12 comprises an S-palmitoylation site peptide of SEQ ID NO:57.
5. The synthetic nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 , wherein: (i) the MBM of the CR membrane binding domain is absent, or (ii) wherein the CR membrane binding domain is absent.
6. The synthetic nucleic acid of claim 1 , wherein: (i) at least one domain and at least one MBM are operably linked with a hinge region selected from the group consisting of a synthetic hinge, a semi-synthetic hinge, dystrophin H1, dystrophin H2, dystrophin H3, dystrophin H4, and variants thereof; or (ii) the dystrophin H1 hinge or a variant thereof operably links the C-terminus of the NT domain to the N-terminus of an MBM or domain containing an MBM, wherein the dystrophin H2 hinge or a variant thereof operably links the C-terminus of a MBM or domain containing an MBM to the N-terminus of another MBM or domain containing another MBM, wherein the dystrophin H3 hinge or a variant thereof operably links the C-terminus of an MBM or domain containing an MBM to the N-terminus of another MBM or domain containing another MBM, wherein the dystrophin H4 hinge or a variant thereof operably links the C-terminus of an MBM to the N-terminus of the CR MBM or the CR domain, or any combination thereof.
7. The synthetic nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 , wherein: (i) the mini- or micro-dystrophin gene is between 5 kb to about 8 kb in length or less than 5 kb in length, respectively; or (ii) the mini- or micro-dystrophin gene is operably linked to a heterologous promoter, a heterologous 5′ untranslated region (UTR), a heterologous 3′ UTR, a heterologous polyadenylation site, or any combination thereof.
8. The synthetic nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 , wherein said molecule is integrated within an endogenous dystrophin gene locus in an X-chromosome.
9. A lentiviral vector comprising the synthetic nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid molecule is operably linked to an expression cassette, 5′ and 3′ long terminal repeats (LTR), and a psi sequence in the lentiviral vector.
10. A single recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector comprising the nucleic acid of claim 1 , wherein said nucleic acid molecule is operably linked to an expression cassette and viral inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) in the AAV.
11. A dual recombinant AAV vector system, comprising two AAV vectors, wherein one of the two AAV vectors comprises a part of the nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 , and the other vector comprises the remaining part of said nucleic acid molecule, wherein the two vectors further comprise sequences that permit recombination with each other to produce said nucleic acid in full length, and wherein the nucleic acid in full length is operably linked to an expression cassette and viral ITRs.
12. A composition comprising the synthetic nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
13. The composition of claim 12 , wherein: (i) the nucleic acid molecule is operably linked to an expression cassette, 5′ and 3′ long terminal repeats (LTR), and a psi sequence in a lentiviral vector; or (ii) the nucleic acid molecule is operably linked to an expression cassette and viral inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) in an AAV.
14. An isolated host cell comprising the synthetic nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 .
15. The host cell of claim 14 , wherein said nucleic acid molecule is integrated within an endogenous dystrophin gene locus in a chromosome of the host cell.
16. The host cell of claim 14 , wherein: (i) the nucleic acid molecule is operably linked to an expression cassette, 5′ and 3′ long terminal repeats (LTR), and a psi element in a lentiviral vector: or (ii) said nucleic acid molecule is operably linked to an expression cassette and ITRs in an AAV.
17. The host cell of claim 14 , wherein the host cell is a myogenic stem cell.
18. A method for the treating or ameliorating one or more adverse effects of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) or X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy (XLDC) in a subject in need thereof comprising the step of administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the synthetic nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 .
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the administration is by injection into muscle or systemic delivery.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the synthetic nucleic acid is administered via an isolated host cell comprising said synthetic nucleic acid molecule and wherein the host cell is a stem cell or myogenic stem cell.
21. The method of claim 18 , wherein the synthetic nucleic acid is administered via an isolated host cell comprising said synthetic nucleic acid molecule and wherein the host cell is derived from an autologous cell of the subject.
22. The method of claim 18 , wherein a defective endogenous dystrophin gene of the host cell or a defective portion thereof is edited to provide the synthetic nucleic acid molecule within the host cell's X-chromosome.
23. The method of claim 18 , wherein the synthetic nucleic acid molecule is administered via a lentiviral vector comprising the synthetic nucleic acid molecule, and
wherein the nucleic acid molecule is operably linked to an expression cassette, 5′ and 3′ long terminal repeats (LTR), and a psi sequence in the lentiviral vector.
24. The method of claim 18 , wherein the synthetic nucleic acid molecule is administered via a single recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector comprising said synthetic nucleic acid molecule, and
wherein said nucleic acid molecule is operably linked to an expression cassette and viral inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) in the AAV.