Circulating biomarker levels for diagnosis and risk-stratification of traumatic brain injury

1. A method of measuring the levels of biomarker proteins in a biological sample from a human patient that has or is suspected of having a brain injury, the method comprising:

(a) measuring levels of the biomarker proteins Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) and Synuclein Beta (SNCB) in the biological sample;

(b) detecting a changed level of NSE and a changed level of SNCB relative to reference levels of NSE and SNCB; and

(c) administering treatment for a brain injury when an increased level of NSE and a decreased level of SNCB is detected.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the brain injury is selected from the group consisting of intracranial bleed, increased intracranial pressure (ICP), intracranial hemorrhage, intraparenchymal hemorrhage, sub-acute brain injury, acute brain injury, post-acute brain injury, progressing brain injury, regressing brain injury, subclinical brain injury, mild brain injury, moderate brain injury, severe brain injury and chronic brain injury.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reference levels are the levels of biomarkers present in a normal subject not having a brain injury.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reference levels are obtained from the same subject, at a prior time point.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the reference levels are baseline levels of NSE and SNCB, wherein baseline levels are measured prior to a brain injury.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biological sample is from a human patient suspected of experiencing neural regeneration or recovery from a brain injury.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the human patient is at risk of suffering from an adverse neurological outcome subsequent to the brain injury or suspected brain injury.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the biological sample is obtained from the human subject at least one month, at least three months, or at least six months post-injury or post suspected injury.