Electronic expansion valves having multiple orifice plates
An electronic expansion valve (EEV) is operated by a motor controlling a variable restriction valve in which a liquid refrigerant enters at a high pressure and exits at a reduced pressure. The motor controls the depth of a tapered needle which, as extended, penetrates multiple fixed orifices, aligned in series. Additional fixed orifices, downstream of the fully extended needle, provide further restriction and management of refrigerant flashing. Depending on the desired operating range, the following elements may be controlled: needle length, diameter, and taper; diameter, thickness, and relative elevation of each orifice; response and maximum torque provided by the motor; and geometry of the valve enclosed volume.
1. An electronic expansion valve assembly comprising:
a valve body having an inlet and an outlet,
a continuously tapered needle positioned in the valve body that decreases in diameter in a direction of flow through the valve,
a motor-driven linear-drive assembly configured to move the needle along a needle extension pathway through the valve body, the needle extension pathway extending between a retracted position and an extended position of the needle, and
a plurality of orifice plates fixed to the valve body and having a gap therebetween, each having an orifice arranged in series along the needle extension pathway and a diameter of a first orifice in the direction of flow is greater than a diameter of a last orifice in the direction of flow,
wherein the needle passes through at least two of the orifices as the needle is moved from the retracted position to the extended position.
2. The electronic expansion valve assembly of claim 1 , wherein the electronic expansion valve assembly comprises three or more orifice plates having orifices arranged in series in the needle extension pathway.
3. The electronic expansion valve assembly of claim 1 , further comprising at least one orifice plate positioned downstream of the needle extension pathway.
4. The electronic expansion valve assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a controller configured to determine and adjust a linear position of the needle along the needle extension pathway.
5. The electronic expansion valve assembly of claim 1 , wherein the motor is a stepper motor.
6. The electronic expansion valve assembly of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of orifice plates are fixed to the valve body.
7. The electronic expansion valve assembly of claim 1 , wherein each orifice plate of the plurality of orifice plates has only one orifice.
8. The electronic expansion valve assembly of claim 1 , wherein the needle is tapered from base to tip.
9. The electronic expansion valve assembly of claim 1 , wherein a liquid refrigerant enters the inlet at a high pressure and exits the outlet at a reduced pressure.