Liquid crystal element, deflection element, and eyeglasses
A liquid crystal element ( 100 ) refracts and outputs light. The liquid crystal element ( 100 ) includes a first electrode ( 1 ), a second electrode ( 2 ), an insulating layer ( 21 ) that is an electric insulator, a resistance layer ( 22 ), a liquid crystal layer ( 23 ) including liquid crystal, and a third electrode ( 3 ). The insulating layer ( 21 ) is disposed between each location of the first and second electrodes ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) and the resistance layer ( 22 ) to insulate the first and second electrodes ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) from the resistance layer ( 22 ). The resistance layer ( 22 ) has an electrical resistivity higher than that of the first electrode ( 1 ) and lower than that of the insulating layer ( 21 ). The resistance layer ( 22 ) and the liquid crystal layer ( 23 ) are disposed between the insulating layer ( 21 ) and the third electrode ( 3 ). The resistance layer ( 22 ) is disposed between the insulating layer ( 21 ) and the liquid crystal layer ( 23 ). The insulating layer ( 21 ) has a thickness (ts) smaller than a thickness (th) of the resistance layer ( 22 ).
1. A liquid crystal element that refracts and outputs light, comprising:
a plurality of unit electrodes each including a first electrode and a second electrode; a resistance layer; a liquid crystal layer including liquid crystal; and a third electrode, wherein
the resistance layer has an electrical resistivity that is higher than an electrical resistivity of the first electrode and lower than an electrical resistivity of an insulator,
the liquid crystal layer is disposed between the unit electrodes and the third electrode,
the resistance layer is disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the unit electrodes, or the unit electrodes are disposed between the resistance layer and the liquid crystal layer,
the unit electrodes are opposite to the resistance layer with no insulator therebetween,
widths of the unit electrodes are determined such that a ratio of refracted light to light output from the liquid crystal layer is larger than a ratio of diffracted light to the light output from the liquid crystal layer, and
the widths of the unit electrodes each indicate a distance between the first electrode and the second electrode.
2. The liquid crystal element according to claim 1 , further comprising
a center electrode having a ring shape, wherein
the center electrode and the unit electrodes are arranged concentrically about the center electrode as a center.
3. The liquid crystal element according to claim 1 , wherein
in the unit electrode, a distance between the first electrode and the second electrode is larger than a width of the first electrode and larger than a width of the second electrode.
4. A deflection element that deflects and outputs light, comprising:
two liquid crystal elements each according to claim 1 , wherein
in one liquid crystal element of the two liquid crystal elements, the first electrode and the second electrode each extend in a first direction,
in the other liquid crystal element of the two liquid crystal elements, the first electrode and the second electrode each extend in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and
the one liquid crystal element and the other liquid crystal element are overlaid one on the other.
5. Eyeglasses comprising:
the liquid crystal element according to claim 1 ;
a controller configured to control a first voltage applied to the first electrode and a second voltage applied to the second electrode; and
a pair of temple members, wherein
the liquid crystal element refracts and outputs the light.