Immunostimulator, pharmaceutical composition, and food or beverage
Provided is an immunostimulator containing: chitosan and/or a chitosan derivative each having a weight-average molecular weight of 10k to 1000k; and an anionic surfactant, the immunostimulator being in particulate form. Also provided are a pharmaceutical composition and an alimentary product, each containing the immunostimulator as an active ingredient.
1. An immunostimulator comprising:
chitosan and/or a chitosan derivative each having a weight-average molecular weight of 10k to 1000k; and
an anionic surfactant, wherein the anionic surfactant is at least one selected from the group consisting of C10-C22 fatty acids, and salts of the C10-C22 fatty acids,
the immunostimulator being in particulate form,
wherein the chitosan and/or the chitosan derivative and an ionic surfactant are complexed via an electrostatic interaction,
wherein the chitosan derivative has immunostimulatory activity and is represented by General Formula (I) below:
where
x, y, and z represent respective molar proportions which satisfy the equation x+y+z=1, where 0≤x<1, 0≤y<1, and 0<z1, and
R 1 is a pullulan side chain represented by General Formula (II) below:
where a represents an integer of 20 to 600, a degree of substitution with the pullulan side chain being 0.001 to 0.1, a dextran side chain represented by General Formula (III) below:
where a represents an integer of 15 to 300, a degree of substitution with the dextran side chain being 0.001 to 0.1, a glucosamine side chain represented by General Formula (IV) below:
where R 2 represents an acetyl group, a degree of substitution with the glucosamine side chain being 0.05 to 0.5, or a lysine side chain represented by General Formula (V) below:
a degree of substitution with the lysine side chain being 0.02 to 0.5,
wherein the number of the saccharide units in General Formula (I) falls within the range of from 60 to 6,000,
wherein a molar ratio of (i) amino groups of the chitosan and/or the chitosan derivative to (ii) carboxyl groups of the anionic surfactant, per particle of the immunostimulator in particulate form, is 1:0.05 to 1:1.
2. The immunostimulator according to claim 1 , wherein:
the C10-C22 fatty acids and the salts of the C10-C22 fatty acids are selected from the group consisting of sodium oleate and sodium laurate.
3. The immunostimulator according to claim 1 , wherein z in General Formula (I) is 0.001 to 0.5.
4. A pharmaceutical composition comprising, as an active ingredient, an immunostimulator as set forth in claim 1 .
5. An alimentary product comprising an immunostimulator as set forth in claim 1 .
6. A method of stimulating immune activity of a living body, comprising the step of administering a pharmaceutical composition as set forth in claim 4 .
7. A method of stimulating immune activity of a living body, comprising the step of administering an alimentary product as set forth in claim 5 .