Platinum/black phosphorus-carbon sphere methanol fuel cell anode catalyst and preparation method thereof

1. A platinum/black phosphorus-carbon sphere composite material for preparing a methanol fuel cell anode catalyst, wherein the composite material comprises a carbon sphere, a single layer or a few layers of black phosphorus is uniformly loaded on the surface of the carbon sphere, and platinum nanoparticles are uniformly loaded on the black phosphorus.

2. A preparation method of the platinum/black phosphorus-carbon sphere composite material according to claim 1 , comprising the following steps:

(1) dispersing a black phosphorus solid in an organic solvent to obtain a single layer or a few layers of black phosphorus dispersion with set concentration;

(2) mixing the black phosphorus dispersion in the step (1) with glucose, and stirring until the glucose is completely dissolved;

(3) performing a hydrothermal reaction on the mixed solution in the step (2) to obtain an aqueous solution of the composite material containing a carbon core black phosphorus shell structure after the completion of the reaction;

(4) uniformly mixing the aqueous solution of the composite material containing the carbon core black phosphorus shell structure in the step (3) with an ethylene glycol solution of sodium chloroplatinate, adjusting the pH to alkaline, and then reducing the platinum on the surface of the composite material containing the carbon core black phosphorus shell by using a microwave irradiation heating method; and

(5) filtering, washing and drying the composite material obtained in the step (4) to obtain a final product platinum/black phosphorus-carbon sphere composite material.

3. The preparation method according to claim 2 , wherein in the step (1), the concentration of the black phosphorus dispersion is 2.0-5.0 mg/mL; and

the rotating speed for centrifugal dispersion of the black phosphorus dispersion ranges from low to high from 500-2000 rpm according to the needs of the number of layers, centrifugation is performed for 5 to 7 times, each centrifugation time is 5-15 minutes.

4. The preparation method according to claim 2 , wherein in the step (1), the organic solvent is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.

5. The preparation method according to claim 2 , wherein in the step (2), the ratio of the black phosphorus dispersion to the glucose is (20-80) mL:(25-100) mg.

6. The preparation method according to claim 2 , wherein in the step (3), the stirring speed in the hydrothermal reaction is 400-800 rpm, the reaction temperature is 120-200° C., and the reaction time is 12-24 hours.

7. The preparation method according to claim 2 , wherein in the step (4), the concentration of the ethylene glycol solution of the sodium chloroplatinate is 2.0 mol/L, and the volume ratio of the ethylene glycol solution of the sodium chloroplatinate to the aqueous solution of the composite material containing the carbon core black phosphorus shell structure is 1:(1-8); and

the pH of the ethylene glycol solution of sodium chloroplatinate is adjusted to 8-12 by using NaOH.

8. The preparation method according to claim 2 , wherein in the step (4), the microwave radiation heating temperature is 800-1000° C.

9. The preparation method according to claim 2 , wherein in the step (5), the drying temperature is 60-80° C., and the drying time is 4-6 hours; and

sufficient washing is performed by using ethanol and deionized water.