Emulsions including polymers, treatment fluids including emulsions, and methods for treating subterranean formations
Emulsions, treatment fluids and methods for treating subterranean formations are provided, wherein the emulsions comprise water, a water-immiscible liquid, one or more polymers, and an inverting surfactant composition comprising one or more surfactants selected from the group consisting of ethoxylated amine compounds, ethoxylated fatty acid compounds, and alkyl polyethyleneglycol ether carboxylic acid compounds, alkyl polyglycol ether carboxylic acid compounds, and salts or esters thereof. The emulsions are particularly suitable for use in brine.
1. A treatment fluid comprising an emulsion, the emulsion comprising:
water;
a water-immiscible liquid;
greater than about 35% by weight one or more polymers; and
about 0.1% to about 5% by weight an inverting surfactant composition which comprises one or more surfactants selected from the group consisting of ethoxylated amine compounds, and salts or esters thereof present in an amount of from about 5 wt % to about 75 wt % of the inverting surfactant composition,
wherein the ethoxylated amine compounds are compounds of Formula I:
wherein R 1 is H, aryl, or C(═O)-aryl; and X and Y are each independently 1-20.
2. The treatment fluid of claim 1 , wherein the one or more of the polymers is an acrylamide-containing polymer.
3. The treatment fluid of claim 1 , wherein the one or more polymers comprises acrylamide or partially hydrolyzed acrylamide and one or more anionic monomers.
4. The treatment fluid of claim 1 , wherein the one or more polymers comprises acrylamide or partially hydrolyzed acrylamide and one or more cationic monomers.
5. The treatment fluid of claim 1 , wherein the one or more polymers comprises acrylamide or partially hydrolyzed acrylamide and one or more monomers selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid and salts thereof.
6. The treatment fluid of claim 1 , wherein the one or more polymers comprises acrylamide or partially hydrolyzed acrylamide, and acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride.
7. The treatment fluid of claim 1 , wherein the ethoxylated amine compound is polyoxyethylene tallow amine.
8. The treament fluid of claim 1 , wherein the inverting surfactant composition further comprises at least one additional surfactant selected from the group consisting ethoxylated fatty acid compounds, and alkyl polyethyleneglycol ether carboxylic acid compounds, alkyl polyglycol ether carboxylic acid compounds, and salts or esters thereof.
9. The treatment fluid of claim 8 , wherein the ethoxylated fatty acid compound is ethoxylated castor oil.
10. The treatment fluid of claim 8 , wherein the alkyl polyglycol ether carboxylic acid compound is polyoxyethylene lauryl ether carboxylic acid.
11. A method of fracturing a subterranean formation, comprising:
(i) providing the treatment of fluid of claim 1 , wherein the one or more polymers are present in the treatment fluid in an amount of about 0.01% to about 1% by weight of the treatment fluid; and
(ii) introducing the treatment fluid into a subterranean formation at or above a pressure sufficient to create one or more fractures in the subterranean formation.
12. The treatment fluid of claim 1 , wherein the inverting surfactant composition further comprises at least two additional surfactants selected from the group consisting of ethoxylated fatty acid compounds, and alkyl polyethyleneglycol ether carboxylic acid compounds, alkyl polyglycol ether carboxylic acid compounds, and salts or esters thereof.
13. The treatment of claim 12 , wherein the inverting surfactant composition comprises about 5 to about 75 wt % one or more ethoxylated amine compounds; about 5 to about 90 wt % one or more alkyl polyethyleneglycol ether carboxylic acid compounds, alkyl polyglycol ether carboxylic acid compounds, and salts or esters thereof; and about 5 to about 75 wt % one or more ethoxylated fatty acid compounds.
14. The treatment fluid of claim 1 , wherein the one or more polymers are present in the treatment fluid in an amount of about 0.01% to about 1% by weight of the treatment fluid.
15. The treatment fluid of claim 14 , further comprising a proppant.
16. A method of treating a subterranean formation, comprising: providing the treatment fluid of claim 1 ; and introducing the treatment fluid into a subterranean formation.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the treatment fluid further comprises brine.
18. The method of claim 16 , further comprising adding a proppant.
19. The treatment fluid of claim 8 , wherein the alkyl polyethyleneglycol ether carboxylic acid compounds is glycolic acid ethoxylate oleyl ether.
20. The treatment fluid of claim 1 , wherein the inverting surfactant composition comprises about 5 to about 75 wt % one or more ethoxylated amine compounds, and about 5 to about 95 wt % one or more alkyl polyethyleneglycol ether carboxylic acid compounds, alkyl polyglycol ether carboxylic acid compounds, and salts or esters thereof.
21. The treatment fluid of claim 1 , wherein the inverting surfactant composition comprises about 5 to about 75 wt % one or more ethoxylated amine compounds, and about 5 to about 75 wt % one or more ethoxylated fatty acid compounds.
22. The treatment fluid of claim 1 , wherein the inverting surfactant composition further comprises about 5 to about 95 wt % one or more alkyl polyethyleneglycol ether carboxylic acid compounds, alkyl polyglycol ether carboxylic acid compounds, and salts or esters thereof; and about 5 to about 75 wt % one or more ethoxylated fatty acid compounds.
23. The treatment fluid of claim 1 , wherein the inverting surfactant composition further comprises about 5 to about 95 wt % one or more alkyl polyethyleneglycol ether carboxylic acid compounds, alkyl polyglycol ether carboxylic acid compounds, and salts or esters thereof, and about 5 to about 95 wt % a different alkyl polyethyleneglycol ether carboxylic acid compounds, alkyl polyglycol ether carboxylic acid compounds, and salts or esters thereof.