Synthesis device and method for producing a product
A synthesis device may include a pressure vessel with an inlet and an outlet for fluid, a catalyst bed that is disposed within the pressure vessel, a plate heat exchanger that is disposed in a flow path of fluid between the inlet of the pressure vessel and the catalyst bed such that fluid flowing into the catalyst bed is heated by fluid flowing out of the catalyst bed. The plate heat exchanger may be disposed outside a reactor volume occupied by the catalyst bed in the pressure vessel. The catalyst bed may be one of a plurality of catalyst beds disposed axially over one another in the pressure vessel.
1. A synthesis device for exothermic reactions with heterogeneous catalysis, the synthesis device comprising:
a pressure vessel that includes an inlet and an outlet for fluid;
a catalyst bed disposed within the pressure vessel, the catalyst bed having a cylinder ring form or hollow cylindrical configuration; and
a plate heat exchanger disposed in a flow path of fluid between the inlet of the pressure vessel and the catalyst bed such that fluid flowing into the catalyst bed is heated by fluid flowing out of the catalyst bed, wherein the plate heat exchanger is disposed outside a reactor volume occupied by the catalyst bed in the pressure vessel, wherein the plate heat exchanger is disposed on an inside of the catalyst bed such that the catalyst bed surrounds the plate heat exchanger concentrically.
2. The synthesis device of claim 1 wherein the plate heat exchanger is one of a plurality of heat exchangers.
3. The synthesis device of claim 1 wherein the plate heat exchanger is a first plate heat exchanger, wherein a second plate heat exchanger is disposed below the catalyst bed.
4. The synthesis device of claim 1 wherein the plate heat exchanger is a first plate heat exchanger, wherein a second plate heat exchanger is disposed in a region between the catalyst bed and an inner wall of the pressure vessel.
5. The synthesis device of claim 1 wherein the catalyst bed is one of a plurality of catalyst beds disposed axially over one another in the pressure vessel.
6. The synthesis device of claim 1 wherein the plate heat exchanger comprises a plurality of plates with a flow-traversible interspace between adjacent pairs of the plurality of plates, with the flow-traversible interspaces of a first group being in fluid communication with a common first fluid channel running perpendicularly to the plurality of plates and being sealed off from surroundings of the plate heat exchanger, with the flow-traversible interspaces of a second group being in fluid communication with the surroundings and being sealed off from the interspaces of the first group.
7. The synthesis device of claim 6 wherein the interspaces of the first group and the interspaces of the second group are disposed in alternation.
8. The synthesis device of claim 6 wherein each of the plurality of plates has a circular shape.
9. The synthesis device of claim 6 wherein the interspaces of the second group have lateral inflow openings that allow fluid to flow into the interspaces of the second group.
10. The synthesis device of claim 6 wherein the interspaces of the first group are in fluid communication with a plurality of second fluid channels that run perpendicularly to the plurality of plates and are disposed such that fluid flows
through the interspaces of the first group, starting from the common first fluid channel, radially to the plurality of second fluid channels, or
through the interspaces of the first group, starting from the plurality of second fluid channels, radially to the common first fluid channel.
11. The synthesis device of claim 10 wherein the interspaces of the second group are in fluid communication with a plurality of third fluid channels that run perpendicular to the plurality of plates and are disposed such that fluid flows through the interspaces of the second group, starting from lateral inflow openings of the interspaces of the second group, radially to the plurality of third fluid channels.
12. A method for producing a product, the method comprising:
providing a reactant stream comprising reactants, wherein the reactants include at least hydrogen and nitrogen;
introducing the reactant stream into a pressure vessel;
preheating the reactant stream in a plate heat exchanger that is disposed in a flow path of the reactant stream between an inlet of the pressure vessel and a catalyst bed;
conveying the reactant stream that has been preheated onto the catalyst bed;
reacting at least a portion of the reactants of the reactant stream on the catalyst bed under an adiabatic regime to form a product stream comprising reactants and product, wherein the product stream comprises ammonia; and
introducing the product stream into the plate heat exchanger, the product stream being cooled.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the catalyst bed is a first catalyst bed, wherein the product stream is a first product stream, the method comprising:
introducing the product stream into a second catalyst bed; and
reacting at least a portion of the reactants of the first product stream in the second catalyst bed to form a second product stream comprising reactants and product.
14. The method of claim 12 wherein the reaction is an exothermic reaction with heterogeneous catalysis.
15. The method of claim 12 wherein the preheating comprises preheating the reactant stream to a temperature of at least 300° C.