Flexible surgical instrument system

1. A flexible surgical instrument system, comprising:

a distal structural body comprising at least one distal structural segment, the at least one distal structural segment comprising a distal fixing disk and structural backbones;

a proximal structural body comprising at least one proximal structural segment, the at least one proximal structural segment comprising a proximal fixing disk, structural backbones, and driving backbones, the structural backbones of the at least one distal structural segment being securely connected in one-to-one correspondence to or the same as corresponding structural backbones of the at least one proximal structural segment;

a plurality of cable transmission mechanisms each comprising a gear set and a pulley-cable part, the gear set being operable to transfer a rotational motion to the pulley-cable part, and the pulley-cable part being operable to drive one of guiding sliders in a linear motion to push or pull one of the driving backbones to turn the at least one proximal structural segment; and

a driving unit comprising a motion transmission part comprising a plurality of proximal segment turning transmission chains to convert a rotational output into mutually reversed rotational motions, and transfer one of the mutually reversed rotational motions to one of the gear sets;

a first end of the one of the driving backbones is fixed onto the proximal fixing disk, and a second end of the one of the driving backbones is connected to the one of guiding sliders.

2. The flexible surgical instrument system of claim 1 , wherein

proximal ends of the structural backbones of the at least one proximal structural segment are securely connected to the proximal fixing disk, and distal ends of the structural backbones of the at least one distal structural segment are securely connected to the distal fixing disk.

3. The flexible surgical instrument system of claim 1 , wherein

the at least one proximal structural segment further comprises proximal spacing disks, the structural backbones of the at least one proximal structural segment passing through the proximal spacing disks; and

the at least one distal structural segment further comprises distal spacing disks, the structural backbones of the at least one distal structural segment passing through the distal spacing disks.

4. The flexible surgical instrument system of claim 1 , further comprising linear motion mechanisms each comprising:

a proximal segment driving block connected with a distal end of a corresponding driving backbone of the driving backbones; and

a first push-pull rod comprising a first end securely connected to the proximal segment driving block and a second end securely connected to a guiding slider of the guiding sliders.

5. The flexible surgical instrument system of claim 1 , wherein one of the pulley-cable parts comprises:

a first pulley connected with the one of the gear sets and operable to receive rotational motion transferred from the one of the gear sets;

a second pulley; and

a driving cable passing around the second pulley and comprising a first end securely connected to one side of the first pulley and second end securely connected to another side of the first pulley; the one of the guiding sliders is securely connected to the driving cable.

6. The flexible surgical instrument system of claim 5 , wherein the one of the gear sets comprises:

a first bevel gear; and

a second bevel gear meshing with the first bevel gear; and

the second bevel gear is coaxially and securely connected to the first pulley, and the first bevel gear is operable to transfer the rotational motion to the second bevel gear.

7. The flexible surgical instrument system of claim 6 , wherein one of the plurality of cable transmission mechanisms comprises:

a coupling coaxially and securely connected to the first bevel gear.

8. The flexible surgical instrument system of claim 1 , further comprising:

a middle connecting body comprising channel fixing plates and structural backbone guide channels arranged between the channel fixing plates, and

the structural backbones of the at least one distal structural segment pass through the structural backbone guide channels and the distal ends of the structural backbones of the at least one distal structural segment are securely connected to the distal fixing disk.

9. The flexible surgical instrument system of claim 1 , further comprising:

a surgical end effector provided at a distal end of the distal structural body;

a surgical end effector actuation wire passing through the distal structural body, the surgical end effector actuation wire comprising a proximal end securely connected to a surgical end effector driving mechanism and a distal end securely connected to the surgical end effector.

10. The flexible surgical instrument system of claim 9 , wherein the surgical end effector driving mechanism comprises:

a threaded rod;

a nut in threaded connection with the threaded rod; and

a second push-pull rod comprising a proximal end securely connected to the nut and a distal end securely connected to the surgical end effector actuation wire.

11. The flexible surgical instrument system of claim 1 , wherein the driving unit comprises:

a motor part comprising a motor fixing plate and a plurality of first motors are securely connected to the motor fixing plate, one of the plurality of first motors operable to output the rotational output; one of two output shafts being operable to transfer the one of the mutually reversed rotational motions to the one of the gear sets.

12. The flexible surgical instrument system of claim 11 , wherein one of the plurality of proximal segment turning transmission chains comprises:

an input gear securely sheathed over the one of the two output shafts which is securely connected to the one of the plurality of first motors;

an output gear securely sheathed over another one of the two output shafts; and

idle gears, the input gear being in transmission connection with the output gear via the idle gears.

13. The flexible surgical instrument system of claim 11 , further comprising:

a sterile barrier fixedly connected to the motion transmission part and provided between the plurality of cable transmission mechanisms and the motion transmission part.

14. The flexible surgical instrument system of claim 13 , wherein the sterile barrier comprises:

a sterile barrier support plate;

a sterile barrier cover securely connected to an outer periphery of the sterile barrier support plate; and

a plurality of couplings rotatably connected to the sterile barrier support plate.

15. The flexible surgical instrument system of claim 14 , wherein the motion transmission part comprises:

a cover plate arranged at a distal end of the motion transmission part; and a first connecting pin seat provided on the cover plate, and

the sterile barrier support plate comprises a second connecting pin seat connected with the first connecting pin seat.

16. The flexible surgical instrument system of claim 11 , further comprising:

a flexible surgical instrument housing, the proximal structural body being located in the flexible surgical instrument housing;

a motor part housing;

a cover plate arranged at a distal end of the motion transmission part, the cover plate and the motor fixing plate being rotatably connected to the motor part housing and the cover plate being securely connected to the flexible surgical instrument housing via a sterile barrier;

an inner ring gear securely connected to an inner wall of the motor part housing and meshing with an input gear, and

a third motor securely connected to the motor fixing plate, an output shaft of the third motor being connected to a proximal end of a fourth output shaft, a distal end of the fourth output shaft being securely connected with the input gear.

17. The flexible surgical instrument system of claim 1 , further comprising a linear module to drive the flexible surgical instrument and the driving unit to perform a linear motion.

18. The flexible surgical instrument system of claim 17 , wherein the linear module comprises a fourth motor and a linear feed mechanism, the linear feed mechanism comprising a lead screw sheathed with a slider which is threaded fit with the lead screw and an output shaft of the fourth motor being connected to the lead screw.