Apparatus for determining a functional index for stenosis assessment
An apparatus for determining a functional index for stenosis assessment of a vessel is provided. The apparatus comprises an input interface ( 40 ) and a processing unit ( 50 ). The input interface is configured to obtain image data ( 30 ) representing a two-dimensional representation of a vessel ( 6 ). The processing unit ( 50 ) is configured to determine a course of the vessel ( 6 ) and a width (w 1 , w 2 ) of the vessel along its course in the image data and is further configured to determine the functional index for stenosis assessment of the vessel based on the width of the vessel in the image data.
1. An apparatus for determining a functional index for stenosis assessment of a vessel, comprising:
an input interface; and
a processing unit;
wherein the input interface is configured to obtain image data corresponding to a two-dimensional representation of the vessel;
wherein the processing unit is configured to:
determine a geometric model of at least a section of the vessel based on the image data, the model including an inner diameter and a change of the inner diameter along a course of the vessel;
determine at least one resistance value of at least the section of the vessel based on the geometric model; and
determine a pressure drop of a fluid flowing through at least the section of the vessel based on:
the at least one resistance value; and
boundary conditions including a volumetric flow rate and/or a pressure associated with an inlet and/or an outlet of at least the section of the vessel,
wherein the pressure drop is an equivalent of the functional index for stenosis assessment, and
wherein the functional index is generated using a single 2D projection image.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the processing unit is configured to apply a densitometry method to the image data as to compensate for foreshortening effects in the image data when determining a width of the vessel.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the processing unit is configured to apply a scaling factor to a width of the vessel in the image and to determine the functional index for stenosis assessment based on the width multiplied by the scaling factor.
4. The apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the processing unit is configured to receive a distance of the vessel from an image plane of the image data and to determine the scaling factor based on said distance.
5. The apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the processing unit is configured to segment the vessel along its course such that there are multiple vessel segments and to apply a specific scaling factor to the width of each one of the multiple vessel segments.
6. The apparatus according to claim 5 , wherein the processing unit is configured to segment the vessel based on a distance between a segment of the vessel and a projection surface.
7. The apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the processing unit is configured to detect a reference element within the image data and to determine the scaling factor based on a known size of the reference element and the size of the reference element in the image data.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein a respective functional index for stenosis assessment is independently derived from a corresponding one of a plurality of 2D images.
9. The apparatus according to claim 8 , wherein a variation between the functional indices from different images is determined and compared to a predetermined maximal variation (Vmax), based on which an acceptance criterion is generated.
10. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the processing unit is configured to calculate a quality score for one or more 2D images being used as a basis for calculating the functional index for stenosis assessment.
11. A method for determining a functional index for stenosis assessment, comprising the following steps:
obtaining image data corresponding to two-dimensional representation of a vessel;
determining a geometric model of at least a section of the vessel based on the image data, the model including an inner diameter and a change of the inner diameter along a course of the vessel;
determining at least one resistance value of at least the section of the vessel based on the geometric model; and
determining a pressure drop of a fluid flowing through at least the section of the vessel based on:
the at least one resistance value; and
boundary conditions including a volumetric flow rate and/or a pressure associated with an inlet and/or an outlet of at least the section of the vessel,
wherein the determined pressure drop is an equivalent of the functional index for stenosis assessment, and
wherein the functional index is generated using a single 2D projection image.
12. A non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon a computer program element adapted to control the apparatus according to claim 1 when executed by the processing unit.
13. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the processing unit is configured to determine the pressure drop using a lumped element fluid dynamics model including the at least one resistance value and the boundary conditions.