Fabrication of filtration membranes
Disclosed is a method of preparing a filtration membrane. The method includes providing a copolymer solution by dissolving a statistical copolymer in a mixture of a co-solvent and a first organic solvent, coating the copolymer solution onto a porous support layer to form a polymeric layer thereon, coagulating the polymeric layer on top of the support layer to form a thin film composite membrane, and immersing the thin film composite membrane into a water bath to obtain a filtration membrane. Also disclosed are a filtration membrane prepared by the method, and a process of filtering a liquid using the filtration membrane thus prepared.
1. A method of preparing a filtration membrane, comprising:
providing a copolymer solution by dissolving a statistical copolymer in a mixture of a co-solvent and an organic solvent, wherein the co-solvent is ethyl ammonium nitrate; and the organic solvent differs from the co-solvent;
coating the copolymer solution onto a porous support layer to form a polymeric layer thereon;
coagulating the polymeric layer to afford a thin film composite membrane; and
immersing the thin film composite membrane into a water bath to obtain a filtration membrane;
wherein the copolymer solution comprises the statistical copolymer at 1 to 99 w/v %, the co-solvent at 5 to 49 v/v %, and the organic solvent at 51 to 95 v/v %;
the statistical copolymer comprises zwitterionic repeat units and hydrophobic repeat units,
wherein the zwitterionic repeat units constitute 30-50% by weight of the statistical copolymer, the hydrophobic repeat units constitute 50-70% by weight of the statistical copolymer; and the statistical copolymer is selected from the group consisting of poly((trifluoroethyl methacrylate)-r-(sulfobetaine methacrylate)), poly((methyl methacrylate)-r-(sulfobetaine methacrylate)), poly((trifluoroethyl methacrylate)-r-(3-(2-vinylpyridinium-1-yl)propane-1-sulfonate)), poly((trifluoroethyl methacrylate)-r-(phosphorylcholine methacrylate), or poly((trifluoroethyl methacrylate)-r-(3-(2-vinylpyridinium-1-yl)butane-1-sulfonate)); and
the co-solvent is miscible with both water and the organic solvent.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of trifluoroethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, formamide, dimethyl formamide, hexafluoro isopropanol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, pyridine, dioxane, toluene, chloroform, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, dichloromethane, ethylene dichloride, xylene, tetrahydrofuran, methanol, and ethanol.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the porous support layer has an effective pore size larger than that of the polymeric layer and is formed of polyethersulfone, polyphenylenesulfone, polyphenylenesulfidesulfone, polyacrylonitrile, cellulose ester, polyphenyleneoxide, polypropylene, polyvinyledenefluoride, polyvinylchloride, polyarylsulfone, polyphenylene sulfone, polyetheretherketone, polysulfone, polyamide, polyimide, or a combination thereof.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the porous support layer is a flat sheet membrane or a hollow fiber membrane.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising an annealing step after the immersing step, wherein the filtration membrane thus obtained is annealed in a water bath at 50° C. or higher.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the copolymer solution comprises the co-solvent at 20 v/v %.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the membrane comprises the copolymer at 10 w/v %.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the copolymer solution comprises the co-solvent at 20 v/v %; and the membrane comprises the copolymer at 10 w/v %.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic solvent is trifluoroethanol.
10. A method of preparing a filtration membrane, comprising:
providing a copolymer solution by dissolving a statistical copolymer in a mixture of a co-solvent and an organic solvent, wherein the co-solvent is ethyl ammonium nitrate; and the organic solvent differs from the co-solvent;
coating the copolymer solution onto a porous support layer to form a polymeric layer thereon;
coagulating the polymeric layer to afford a thin film composite membrane; and
immersing the thin film composite membrane into a water bath to obtain a filtration membrane, wherein the copolymer solution comprises the statistical copolymer at 1 to 99 w/v %, the co-solvent at 5 to 49 v/v %, and the organic solvent at 51 to 95 v/v %; and
the statistical copolymer comprises zwitterionic repeat units and hydrophobic repeat units, wherein the zwitterionic repeat units constitute 30-50% by weight of the statistical copolymer, the hydrophobic repeat units constitute 50-70% by weight of the statistical copolymer, the statistical copolymer is poly((trifluoroethyl methacrylate)-r-(sulfobetaine methacrylate)), and the first organic solvent is ethanol.