Asymmetrically substituted bis-alkenyl diphenyl ethers, their preparation and use
The present invention relates to compounds according to formula (I) and to heat-curable resin compositions based on polymaleimide resin systems comprising such compounds as co-monomers: wherein R 1 signifies an 1-alkenyl- or 2-alkenyl group with 3 to 6 carbon atoms, wherein R 2 signifies hydrogen or an alkoxy group with up to 2 carbon atoms, wherein R 3 signifies hydrogen or an alkyl group with up to 4 carbon atoms, and wherein R 4 signifies hydrogen or an alkyl group with up to 4 carbon atoms. The present invention also relates to crosslinked resins obtainable by curing such compositions. Compounds of the present invention can be used amongst others in fields like structural adhesives, matrix resins for fiber prepregs, moulding compounds, as well as structural and/or electrical composites.
1. An asymmetrically substituted bis-alkenyl diphenyl ether of formula (I):
wherein R 1 is an 1-alkenyl- or 2-alkenyl group with 3 to 6 carbon atoms,
R 2 is hydrogen or an alkoxy group with up to 2 carbon atoms,
R 3 is hydrogen or an alkyl group with up to 4 carbon atoms, and
R 4 is hydrogen or an alkyl group with up to 4 carbon atoms,
with the proviso that (I) is not a naturally occurring ottomentosa (1-methoxy-4-(1E)-1-propen-1-yl-2-[4-(1E)-1-propen-1-ylphenoxy]-benzene).
2. The asymmetrically substituted bis-alkenyl diphenyl ether according to claim 1 , wherein the asymmetrically substituted bis-alkenyl diphenyl ether is a compound of formula (Ia):
3. The asymmetrically substituted bis-alkenyl diphenyl ether according to claim 2 , wherein the asymmetrically substituted bis-alkenyl diphenyl ether is
4-vinyl-2′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-isopropenyl-2′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-2′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(but-1-en-1-yl)-2′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(pent-1-en-1-yl)-2′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)-2′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-methylbut-1-en-1-yl)-2′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-methylpent-1-en-1-yl)-2′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-ethylprop-1-en-1-yl)-2′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-ethylbut-1-en-1-yl)-2′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-ethylpent-1-en-1-yl)-2′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-vinyl-2′-methoxy-4′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-isopropenyl-2′-methoxy-4′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-2′-methoxy-4′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(but-1-en-1-yl)-2′-methoxy-4′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(pent-1-en-1-yl)-2′-methoxy-4′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)-2′-methoxy-4′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-methylbut-1-en-1-yl)-2′-methoxy-4′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-methylpent-1-en-1-yl)-2′-methoxy-4′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-ethylprop-1-en-1-yl)-2′-methoxy-4′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-ethylbut-1-en-1-yl)-2′-methoxy-4′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-ethylpent-1-en-1-yl)-2′-methoxy-4′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-vinyl-2′-ethoxy-5′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-isopropenyl-2′-ethoxy-5′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-2′-ethoxy-5′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(but-1-en-1-yl)-2′-ethoxy-5′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(pent-1-en-1-yl)-2′-ethoxy-5′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-methylprop-1-en-2-yl)-2′-ethoxy-5′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-methylbut-1-en-1-yl)-2′-ethoxy-5′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-methylpent-1-en-1-yl)-2′-ethoxy-5′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-ethylprop-1-en-1-yl)-2′-ethoxy-5′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-ethylbut-1-en-1-yl)-2′-ethoxy-5′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether, or
4-(1-ethylpent-1-en-1-yl)-2′-ethoxy-5′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether.
4. The asymmetrically substituted bis-alkenyl diphenyl ether according to claim 1 , wherein the asymmetrically substituted bis-alkenyl diphenyl ether is a compound of formula (Ib):
5. The asymmetrically substituted bis-alkenyl diphenyl ether according to claim 4 , wherein the asymmetrically substituted bis-alkenyl diphenyl ether is
4-vinyl-2′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-isopropenyl-2′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-2′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(but-1-en-1-yl)-2′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(pent-1-en-1-yl)-2′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)-2′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-methylbut-1-en-1-yl)-2′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-methylpent-1-en-1-yl)-2′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-ethylprop-1-en-1-yl)-2′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-ethylbut-1-en-1-yl)-2′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether, or
4-(1-ethylpent-1-en-1-yl)-2′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether.
6. The asymmetrically substituted bis-alkenyl diphenyl ether according to claim 1 , wherein the asymmetrically substituted bis-alkenyl diphenyl ether is a compound of formula (Ic):
7. The asymmetrically substituted bis-alkenyl diphenyl ether according to claim 6 , wherein the asymmetrically substituted bis-alkenyl ether is
4-vinyl-2′-methoxy-4′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-isopropenyl-2′-methoxy-4′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-2′-methoxy-4′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(but-1-en-1-yl)-2′-methoxy-4′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(pent-1-en-1-yl)-2′-methoxy-4′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)-2′-methoxy-4′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-methylbut-1-en-1-yl)-2′-methoxy-4′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-methylpent-1-en-1-yl)-2′-methoxy-4′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-ethylprop-1-en-1-yl)-2′-methoxy-4′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-ethylbut-1-en-1-yl)-2′-methoxy-4′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether, or
4-(1-ethylpent-1-en-1-yl)-2′-methoxy-4′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether.
8. The asymmetrically substituted bis-alkenyl diphenyl ether according to claim 1 , wherein the asymmetrically substituted bis-alkenyl diphenyl ether is a compound of formula (Id):
9. The asymmetrically substituted bis-alkenyl diphenyl ether according to claim 8 , wherein the asymmetrically substituted bis-alkenyl diphenyl ether is
4-vinyl-2′-ethoxy-5′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-isopropenyl-2′-ethoxy-5′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenyiether,
4-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-2′-ethoxy-5′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(but-1-en-1-yl)-2′-ethoxy-5′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(pent-1-en-1-yl)-2′-ethoxy-5′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)-2′-ethoxy-5′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-methylbut-1-en-1-yl)-2′-ethoxy-5′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-methylpent-1-en-1-yl)-2′-ethoxy-5′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-ethylprop-1-en-1-yl)-2′-ethoxy-5′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether,
4-(1-ethylbut-1-en-1-yl)-2′-ethoxy-5′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether, or
4-(1-ethylpent-1-en-1-yl)-2′-ethoxy-5′-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-diphenylether.
10. A curable composition, comprising:
(a) an asymmetrically substituted bis-alkenyl diphenyl ether according to claim 1 ;
(b) a polyimide of formula (II):
wherein B is a difunctional group containing a carbon-carbon double bond,
A is a y-functional group, wherein the y-functional group denotes a group bonded to the reminder of the polyimide of formula (II) via y bonds, and
y is an integer ≥2.
11. The curable composition according to claim 10 ,
wherein B in the polyimide of formula (II) is
12. The curable composition according to claim 10 ,
wherein A in the polyimide of formula (II) is
a) an alkylene group with 2 to 12 carbon atoms;
b) a cycloalkylene group with 5 to 6 carbon atoms;
c) a heterocyclic group with 4 to 5 carbon atoms and at least one nitrogen, oxygen, or sulphur atom in the ring;
d) a mono- or dicarbocyclic group;
e) a bridged multicyclic group consisting of at least two selected from the group consisting of: a monocarbocyclic aromatic group, a dicarbocyclic aromatic group. and a cycloalkylene group; wherein these groups are linked to each other by direct carbon-carbon bonds or by divalent groups; or
f) a group of formula (III)
wherein R 13 is
13. The curable composition according claim 10 , in which the polyimide of formula (II) is a bisimide of formula (XVIII):
wherein R 13 is
14. The curable composition according to claim 10 , in which the polyimide of formula (II) is a bismaleimide selected from the group consisting of:
4,4′-bismaleimidodiphenylmethane, bis(3-methyl-5-ethyl-4-maleimidophenyl)methane, bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-maleimidophenyl)methane, 4,4′-bismaleimidodiphenylether, 4,4′-bismaleimidodiphenylsulfone, 3,3′-bismaleimidodiphenylsulfone, bismaleimidodiphenylindane, 2,4-bismaleimidotoluene, 2,6-bismaleimidotoluene, 1,3-bismaleimidobenzene, 1,2-bismaleimidobenzene, 1,4-bismaleimidobenzene, 1,2-bismaleimidoethane, 1,6-bismaleimidohexane, 1,6-bismaleimido-(2,2,4-trimethyl)hexane, 1,6-bismaleimido-(2,4,4-trimethyl)hexane, 1,4-bis(maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane, 1,3-bis(maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane, 1,4-bismaleimidodicyclohexylmethane, and 1,3-bis(maleimidomethyl)benzene, 1,4-bis(maleimidomethyl)benzene.
15. A process for manufacturing the curable composition according to claim 10 , the process comprising:
blending components of the curable composition using a powder-, melt-, or solvent-assisted blending process resulting in a curable composition that is solid, low-melting, or tacky.
16. A curable prepolymer obtained from the curable composition according to claim 10 , by a process comprising:
heating the curable composition to a temperature of from 50° C. to 250° C., for a time sufficient to obtain a curable prepolymer, which is still polymerizable upon application of heat and/or pressure.
17. A crosslinked polymer obtained from the curable composition according to claim 10 by a process comprising heating the curable composition to a temperature of from 70° C. to 280° C. for a time sufficient to obtain the crosslinked polymer.
18. A process for manufacturing a composite material, the process comprising:
combining the curable composition according to claim 10 with a fibrous or particulate reinforcement and curing the resultant product.
19. A composite material obtained by the process according to claim 18 .