Formulations of 4-methyl-5-(pyrazin-2-yl)-3H-l,2-dithiole-3-thione, taste-modified formulations, and methods of making and using same
This disclosure provides, among other things, compositions comprising quantities of oltipraz crystals, as well as method of making such compositions, and method of treating patients using such compositions. Taste-modified compositions also are provided.
1. A composition comprising: (i) a quantity of crystals of 4-methyl-5-(pyrazin-2-yl)-3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione having an intensity averaged, mean hydrodynamic diameter (Z-average) (“MHD”) of from 100 to 800 nm, as measured by dynamic light scattering at 25° C. on a Malvern Zetasizer Nano-ZSP or equivalent instrument equipped with a 173° backscatter detector using a suspension of the crystals in water at a concentration of 0.01 to 0.1 mg of crystals per mL of water following a 90 second equilibration time prior to analysis; (ii) a copovidone; and (iii) a cationic polymer formed by polymerization of compounds comprising at least one acrylate-containing compound.
2. A composition comprising a quantity of crystals according to claim 1 wherein the MHD is from about 300 to 800 nm.
3. A composition comprising a quantity of crystals according to claim 2 , wherein the polydispersity index (PdI) of the crystals, defined as PdI=(σ/d) 2 , wherein σ is the standard deviation and d is the mean hydrodynamic diameter (Z-average) of the crystals, is from about 0.10 to about 0.60.
4. A composition comprising a quantity of crystals according to claim 3 , wherein the solubility of the crystals in water at 20° C. is from about 3.5 to about 8 μg/ml.
5. A composition comprising crystals according to claim 1 ,
wherein the cationic polymer is poly(ethyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate-co-trimethylammonioethyl methacrylate chloride) polymerized in a ratio of 1:2:0.2; and
wherein the composition further comprises a surfactant selected from the group consisting of sodium isostearate, cetyl alcohol, polysorbates, steareth-10 (Brij 76), sodium dodecyl sulfate, lauryl dimethyl amine oxide, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, polyethoxylated alcohols, polyoxyethylene sorbitan, octoxynol, N,N-dimethyldodecylamine-N-oxide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, polyoxyl 10 lauryl ether, bile salts, polyoxyl castor oil, nonylphenol ethoxylate, cyclodextrins, lecithin, dimethicone copolyol, lauramide DEA, cocamide DEA, cocamide MEA, oleyl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine, cocamidopropyl phosphatidyl PG-dimonium chloride, dihexadecyl phosphate, ceteareth-10 phosphate, methylbenzethonium chloride, dicetyl phosphate, ceteth-10 phosphate, ceteth-20, polyethylene glycol octadecyl ether with an average M n ˜711, PEG-20 phytosterol, poloxamers, polyoxyethylene glycol alkyl ethers, polyoxypropylene glycol alkyl ethers, glucoside alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene glycol alkylphenol ethers, glycerol alkyl esters, polyoxyethylene glycol sorbitan alkyl esters, sorbitan alkyl esters, cocamides, and polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate.
6. A composition according to claim 1 , further comprising polyvinylpyrrolidone or cellulosic polymers.
7. A composition according to claim 5 which is in liquid form as a substantially homogeneous dispersion of 4-methyl-5-(pyrazin-2-yl)-3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione crystals, wherein the composition comprises water and/or a non-aqueous solvent.
8. A composition according to claim 5 which is in dry form, wherein the composition substantially excludes water and any non-aqueous solvent.
9. A liquid composition according to claim 7 , further comprising an anti-foaming agent.
10. A liquid composition according to claim 9 , wherein the anti-foaming agent is simethicone.
11. An aqueous composition comprising a dry composition according to claim 5 and an aqueous solution, wherein the weight: weight ratio of the dry composition to liquid is from 1:10 to 1:200.
12. A composition according to claim 11 in the form of a suspension, wherein the weight ratio of the dry composition to liquid is from about 1:10 to about 1:200, the suspension comprising:
i) from about 0.0005 to about 0.005 wt % of a mint or menthol flavor, based on the overall weight of the suspension; and/or
ii) from about 0.05 to about 0.5 wt % of a fruit flavor based on the overall weight of the suspension; and/or
iii) from about 0.1 to about 1.5 mg/mL of a sweetener; and/or
iv) from about 0.01 to about 0.05 wt % of a cooling/freshening agent; and optionally
v) from about 0.05 to about 5 mg/mL of a preservative.
13. A composition in the form of a suspension according to claim 12 wherein the weight ratio of the dry composition to liquid is from about 1:30 to about 1:100, the suspension comprising:
i) from about 0.0007 to about 0.003 wt % of a mint or menthol flavor based on the overall weight of the suspension; and/or
ii) from about 0.1 to about 0.4 wt % of a fruit flavor based on the overall weight of the suspension; and/or
iii) from about 0.5 to about 1 mg/mL of a sweetener selected from aspartame, saccharin, neotame, acesulfame potassium, xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, sucrose, fructose, glucose, maltose, lactose, xylose and sucralose; and/or
iv) from about 0.01 to about 0.05 wt % of a cooling/freshening agent; and optionally
v) from about 0.1 to about 1 mg/mL of a preservative.
14. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a suspension according to claim 12 , wherein:
i) the composition is in liquid dosage form and comprises at least one pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, adjuvant, suspending agent and/or carrier; or
ii) the composition is in dry dosage form and comprises at least one pharmaceutically acceptable additive, lubricant, excipient or diluent.
15. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the quantity of crystals comprises substantially the entire quantity of 4-methyl-5-(pyrazin-2-yl)-3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione present in the composition.
16. A composition comprising a quantity of crystals according to claim 1 wherein the MHD is from about 100 to about 600 nm.
17. A composition comprising: (i) a quantity of crystals of 4-methyl-5-(pyrazin-2-yl)-3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione having an intensity averaged, mean hydrodynamic diameter (Z-average) (“MHD”) of from 100 to 800 nm, as measured by dynamic light scattering at 25° C. on a Malvern Zetasizer Nano-ZSP or equivalent instrument equipped with a 173° backscatter detector using a suspension of the crystals in water at a concentration of 0.01 to 0.1 mg of crystals per mL of water following a 90 second equilibration time prior to analysis; (ii) a copovidone; and (iii) a cationic polymer formed by polymerization of compounds comprising at least one acrylate-containing compound; wherein the quantity of crystals comprises substantially the entire quantity of 4-methyl-5-(pyrazin-2-yl)-3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione present in the composition.
18. The composition comprising a quantity of crystals according to claim 17 , wherein the MHD is from about 300 to 800 nm.
19. The composition of claim 18 , further comprising at least one additive that provides a sense of cooling.
20. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the copovidone is a copolymer of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate in a ratio of 6:4 by mass.
21. The composition of claim 20 , wherein the cationic polymer is poly(ethyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate-co-trimethylammonioethyl methacrylate chloride) polymerized in a ratio of 1:2:0.2.
22. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the copovidone is a copolymer of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate in a ratio of 6:4 by mass.
23. The composition of claim 22 , wherein the cationic polymer is poly(ethyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate-co-trimethylammonioethyl methacrylate chloride) polymerized in a ratio of 1:2:0.2.