Low temperature sub-nanometer periodic stack dielectrics
MIM capacitors using low temperature sub-nanometer periodic stack dielectrics (SN-PSD) containing repeating units of alternating high dielectric constant materials sublayer and low leakage dielectric sublayer are provided. Every sublayer has thickness less than 1 nm (sub nanometer). The high dielectric constant materials could be one or more different materials. The low leakage dielectric materials could be one or more different materials. For the SN-PSD containing more than two different materials, those materials are deposited in sequence with the leakage current of the materials from the lowest to the highest and then back to the second-lowest, or with the energy band gap of the materials from the widest to the narrowest and then back to the second widest in each periodic cell. A layer of low leakage current dielectric materials is deposited on and/or under SN-PSD. The dielectric constant of SN-PSD is much larger than that of the component oxides and can be readily deposited at 250° C. using atomic layer deposition (ALD). The ALD deposition cycle could be 20-1000 cycles. The deposition technology is not limited to ALD, could be thermal oxidation, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and other thermal source assisted deposition.
1. A high dielectric constant thin film manufactured using low temperature sub nanometer periodic stack dielectrics (SN-PSD) comprising:
a plurality of sublayers, wherein the plurality of sublayers consecutively alternate between a low leakage dielectric sublayer and a high dielectric constant sublayer, wherein both the low leakage dielectric sublayer and the high dielectric sub layer have a thickness of less than 1 nanometer;
wherein the plurality of sublayers are stacked in order according to a value of a leakage current of each of different materials of the plurality of sublayers, from a lowest value to a highest value to a second-lowest value.
2. The high dielectric constant thin film of claim 1 , further comprising a first capping layer positioned on a top of the plurality of sublayers and a second capping layer positioned on a bottom of the plurality of sublayers, the first capping layer and the second capping layer configured to limit current leakage.
3. The high dielectric constant thin film of claim 2 , wherein the first capping layer and the second capping layer comprise any of a plurality of inorganic current blocking materials or organic current blocking materials.
4. The high dielectric constant thin film of claim 3 , wherein the plurality of inorganic current blocking materials or organic current blocking materials comprise any of:
a pure form of any of a plurality of materials;
a doped form of any of the plurality of materials;
a self-assembled monolayer made from octadecylphosphonic acids;
a base alloy of the plurality of materials; or
a mixture of one or more of the plurality of materials;
the plurality of materials comprising HfOx, HfxSiOy, ZrOx, ZrxSiOy, LaxGdOy, SiOx, SiNx, SiOxNy, and TaOx.
5. A high dielectric constant thin film manufactured using low temperature sub nanometer periodic stack dielectrics (SN-PSD) comprising:
a plurality of sublayers, wherein the plurality of sublayers consecutively alternate between a low leakage dielectric sublayer and a high dielectric constant sublayer, wherein both the low leakage dielectric sublayer and the high dielectric sub layer have a thickness of less than 1 nanometer;
wherein the plurality of sublayers are stacked in order according to a value of an energy band gap from widest to narrowest to second widest.
6. The high dielectric constant thin film of claim 5 , further comprising a first capping layer positioned on a top of the plurality of sublayers and a second capping layer positioned on a bottom of the plurality of sublayers, the first capping layer and the second capping layer configured to limit current leakage.
7. The high dielectric constant thin film of claim 6 , wherein the first capping layer and the second capping layer comprise any of a plurality of inorganic current blocking materials or organic current blocking materials.
8. The high dielectric constant thin film of claim 7 , wherein the plurality of inorganic current blocking materials or organic current blocking materials comprise any of:
a pure form of any of a plurality of materials;
a doped form of any of the plurality of materials;
a self-assembled monolayer made from octadecylphosphonic acids;
a base alloy of the plurality of materials; or
a mixture of one or more of the plurality of materials;
the plurality of materials comprising HfOx, HfxSiOy, ZrOx, ZrxSiOy, LaxGdOy, SiOx, SiNx, SiOxNy, and TaOx.