Treatment of gluten intolerance and related conditions
Provided herein are compositions, foods comprising nepenthesin or a derivative thereof and methods of using nepenthesin or a derivative thereof for modulating gluten intolerance and related conditions, such as celiac disease. Further provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising nepenthesin or a derivative thereof and methods of using nepenthesin or a derivative thereof to treat bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal tract, such as C. difficile or H. pylori . Further provided herein are compositions comprising recombinant nepenthesin I or nepenthesin II, or homologous proteins, and methods for making the same.
1. A composition for treating or attenuating gluten intolerance comprising:
(a) an effective amount of nepenthesin, the nepenthesin comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 85% identical to the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, and SEQ ID NO: 7, without a plant signal sequence and having aspartic protease activity; and
(b) an effective amount of a buffer to maintain the pH of said composition at a pH of 5 or above, wherein said nepenthesin is inactive prior to administration;
wherein said effective amount of nepenthesin is sufficient to degrade gluten upon oral administration of said solid composition to a patient suffering from gluten intolerance.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said effective amount of nepenthesin is between about 1 mg and about 1 g, wherein about refers to a variation of up to ±5%.
3. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one additional agent selected from the group consisting of an inhibitor of a transglutaminase, an anti-inflammatory agent, a COX-2 inhibitor, a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, a mast cell-stabilizing agent, an anti-ulcer agent, an anti-allergy agent, and an anti-TNF-α agent.
4. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one additional enzyme selected from the group consisting of a gastric protease, an aspartic protease, and a prolyl endopeptidase.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said composition is formulated to release said nepenthesin in a patient's stomach.
6. The composition of claim 2 , wherein said effective amount of said nepenthesin is between about 1 mg and about 500 mg.
7. The composition of claim 2 , wherein said effective amount of said nepenthesin is between about 1 mg and about 200 mg.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the gluten intolerance is celiac disease, wheat allergy, gluten sensitivity, or dermatitis herpetiformis.
9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nepenthesin comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 85% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nepenthesin comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 85% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4.
11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nepenthesin comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 85% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5.
12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nepenthesin comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 85% identical to the amino acid sequence of set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6.
13. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nepenthesin comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 85% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7.
14. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nepenthesin comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, and SEQ ID NO: 7.
15. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nepenthesin comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, and SEQ ID NO: 7.
16. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nepenthesin is recombinant nepenthesin.
17. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nepenthesin comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3.
18. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nepenthesin comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4.
19. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nepenthesin comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5.
20. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nepenthesin comprises the amino acid sequence of set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6.
21. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nepenthesin comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7.