Systems and methods for additive manufacturing using aluminum metal-cored wire
A method of forming an additively manufactured aluminum part includes establishing an arc between a metal-cored aluminum wire and the additively manufactured aluminum part, wherein the metal-cored aluminum wire includes a metallic sheath and a granular core disposed within the metallic sheath. The granular core comprises aluminum metal matrix nano-composites (Al-MMNCs) that comprise an aluminum metal matrix and ceramic nanoparticles. The method includes melting a portion of the metal-cored aluminum wire using the heat of the arc to form molten droplets. The method includes transferring the molten droplets to the additively manufactured aluminum part under an inert gas flow, and solidifying the molten droplets under the inert gas flow to form deposits of the additively manufactured aluminum part.
1. A method of forming an additively manufactured aluminum part, comprising:
(a) providing an aluminum alloy part;
(b) establishing an arc between a metal-cored aluminum wire and the aluminum alloy part, wherein the metal-cored aluminum wire comprises a metallic sheath and a granular core disposed within the metallic sheath;
(c) melting a portion of the metal-cored aluminum wire using the heat of the arc to form molten droplets;
(d) transferring the molten droplets to the aluminum alloy part under an inert gas flow; and
(e) solidifying the molten droplets under the inert gas flow to form deposits on the aluminum alloy part;
wherein the granular core comprises aluminum metal matrix nano-composites (Al-MMNCs) that comprise an aluminum metal matrix and ceramic nanoparticles, and
wherein the ceramic nanoparticles have an average particle size of between 10 and 250 nm.
2. The method of claim 1 , comprising providing, via a controller of an additive manufacturing system, a control signal to a robotic system of the additive manufacturing system to position a torch of the additive manufacturing system relative to the aluminum alloy part, wherein the torch receives and supplies the metal-cored aluminum wire and the inert gas flow toward the aluminum alloy part.
3. The method of claim 2 , comprising providing, via the controller, a control signal to activate a wire feed system of the additive manufacturing system to feed the metal-cored aluminum wire to the torch of the additive manufacturing system at a particular wire feed speed.
4. The method of claim 3 , comprising providing, via the controller, a control signal to activate a gas supply system of the additive manufacturing system to provide the inert gas flow to the torch of the additive manufacturing system at a particular inert gas flow rate.
5. The method of claim 4 , comprising providing, via the controller, a control signal to activate a power system of the additive manufacturing system to provide power to establish the arc between the metal-cored aluminum wire and the aluminum alloy part at a particular voltage and a particular current.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metallic sheath is a 6xxx series aluminum alloy or a 1xxx series aluminum alloy.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metallic sheath of the metal-cored aluminum wire is a seamless metallic sheath comprising an extruded aluminum alloy tube.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solidus of the metallic sheath of the metal-cored aluminum wire is at least 5% greater than the solidus of the first alloy.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the granular core of the metal-cored aluminum wire includes a first alloy comprising a plurality of elements, and wherein the first alloy has a solidus that is lower than each of the respective melting points of the plurality of elements of the first alloy.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the first alloy is a eutectic alloy or near-eutectic alloy.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the granular core of the metal-cored aluminum wire includes a second alloy that is a eutectic or near-eutectic alloy.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the granular core of the metal-cored aluminum wire includes additional alloys, wherein each of the additional alloys has a solidus that is higher than the solidus of the first alloy, and wherein the granular core comprises greater than 25% of the first alloy by weight.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the additively manufactured aluminum part consists essentially of the deposits.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metallic sheath is a 4xxx series aluminum alloy or a 5xxx series aluminum alloy.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the ceramic nanoparticles comprise alumina (Al 2 O 3 ).
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the ceramic nanoparticles comprise carbon nanotubes (CNT).
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic nanoparticles comprise alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), boron carbide (B 4 C), carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphite (Gr), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), silicon carbide (SiCp), tungsten carbide (WC), silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ), aluminum nitride (AlN), titanium carbide (TiC), or silica (SiO 2 ).
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic nanoparticles have an average particle size of between approximately 25 and 200 nm.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the ceramic nanoparticles have an average particle size of between approximately 40 and 100 nm.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the grain size of the aluminum metal matrix is larger than the particle size of the ceramic nanoparticles.
21. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
(f) fusing the deposits together to form a layer; and
(g) repeating (b) to (f) to form a plurality of layers.