Layer-by-layer assembly of graphene oxide membranes via electrostatic interaction and eludication of water and solute transport mechanisms
A method for synthesizing a water purification membrane is presented. The method includes stacking a plurality of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets to create the water purification membrane, the stacking involving layer-by-layer assembly of the plurality of GO nanosheets and forming a plurality of nanochannels between the plurality of GO nanosheets for allowing the flow of a fluid and for rejecting the flow of contaminants. The method further includes cross-linking the plurality of GO nanosheets by 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl trichloride on a polydopamine coated polysulfone support.
1. A filtration apparatus comprising:
a support substrate; and
a graphene oxide membrane disposed on the support substrate, the graphene oxide membrane including a plurality of graphene oxide sheets, each of the graphene oxide sheets covalently coupled to an adjacent graphene oxide sheet via a cross-linker.
2. The filtration apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the graphene oxide membrane comprises 5 to 25 layers of graphene oxide sheets.
3. The filtration apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the graphene oxide membrane has a rejection rate of 93-95% of rhodamine-WT.
4. The filtration apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the graphene oxide membrane has a rejection rate of about 90% of Na 2 SO 4 , as measured with a 0.1 mM Na 2 SO 4 solution.
5. The filtration apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the support substrate comprises polysulfone.
6. The filtration apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the support substrate comprises polyacrylonitrile.
7. The filtration apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linker is a monomer.
8. The filtration apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the monomer is ethylenediamine.
9. The filtration apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linker is a polymer.
10. A filtration apparatus comprising:
a support substrate; and
a graphene oxide membrane disposed on the support substrate, the graphene oxide membrane including 5 to 25 layers of graphene oxide sheets, each of the graphene oxide sheets covalently coupled to an adjacent graphene oxide sheet via a cross-linker, wherein the graphene oxide membrane has a rejection rate of about 90% of Na 2 SO 4 , as measured with a 0.1 mM Na 2 SO 4 solution.
11. The filtration apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the graphene oxide membrane has a rejection rate of 93-95% of rhodamine-WT.
12. The filtration apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the support substrate comprises polysulfone.
13. The filtration apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the support substrate comprises polyacrylonitrile.
14. The filtration apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the cross-linker is a monomer.
15. The filtration apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the monomer is ethylenediamine.
16. A filtration apparatus comprising:
a support substrate; and
a graphene oxide membrane disposed on the support substrate, the graphene oxide membrane including 5 to 25 layers of graphene oxide sheets, each of the graphene oxide sheets covalently coupled to an adjacent graphene oxide sheet via a monomer cross-linker.
17. The filtration apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the monomer cross-linker is ethylenediamine.
18. The filtration apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the graphene oxide membrane has a rejection rate of 93-95% of rhodamine-WT.
19. The filtration apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the support substrate comprises polysulfone.
20. The filtration apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the support substrate comprises polyacrylonitrile.