Enzyme-responsive shape memory polymers
An enzyme responsive shape memory polymer formed from a glassy, cross-linked shape memory polymer that incorporates ester bonds that are responsive to the present of an enzyme. PCL-based polyurethanes (featuring simple alternation of PCL diol and lysine-based diisocyanate) are degradable by Amano lipase PS. A non-degradable thermoplastic elastomer may be dual electrospun with a polycaprolactone based TPU with the fixing phase compressed so that the composite is ready for enzymatically triggered contraction. Alternatively, the elastomer may be a PCL copolymer-based polyurethane amorphous elastomer that is both degradable and elastomeric and put into compression so that upon enzymatic degradation of the elastomeric phase the scaffold expands.
1. A shape memory polymer system, comprising:
a composite fiber mat formed from at least a first set of fibers that are intermingled with a second set of fibers that has an initial shape;
wherein the first set of fibers are formed from a first polymer having a transition temperature such that the fiber web can be fixed into a temporary shape that is different than the initial shape when the fiber web is above the transition temperature and will remain in the temporary shape when the fiber web is below the transition temperature;
wherein the second set of fibers are formed from a second polymer that applies a biasing force to the first set of fibers when the fiber web is fixed into the temporary shape and the fiber web is below the transition temperature; and
wherein the first polymer is degradable by an enzyme and the second polymer is not degradable by the enzyme.
2. The shape memory polymer system of claim 1 , wherein the first polymer is a polyester.
3. The shape memory polymer system of claim 2 , wherein the first polymer is poly(ε-caprolactone).
4. The shape memory polymer system of claim 3 , wherein the second polymer is a thermoplastic elastomer.
5. The shape memory polymer system of claim 4 , wherein the second polymer is an aromatic polyether-based thermoplastic polyurethane.
6. The shape memory polymer system of claim 1 , wherein the fiber web comprises between about 20 percent and about 50 percent poly(ε-caprolactone) by mass.
7. A method of forming a shape memory polymer system, comprising the steps of:
providing a first polymer that is degradable by an enzyme and that has a transition temperature;
providing a second polymer that is not degradable by the enzyme;
dual electrospinning a first solution containing the first polymer with a second solution containing the second polymer to form a composite fiber mat formed at least a first set of fibers of the first polymer intermingled with at least a second set of fibers of the second polymer and that has an initial shape;
heating the composite fiber mat above the transition temperature of the first polymer; and
fixing the composite fiber mat into a temporary shape that is different than the initial shape so that the second set of fibers are applying a biasing force to the first set of fibers.
8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising the step of exposing the composite fiber mat to the enzyme so that the first set of fibers are degraded and the composite fiber mat returns to the initial shape.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the first polymer is poly(ε-caprolactone).
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the second polymer is a thermoplastic elastomer.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the second polymer is an aromatic polyether-based thermoplastic polyurethane.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the fiber web comprises between about 20 percent and about 50 percent of poly(ε-caprolactone) by mass.