Three-dimensional porous siloxanes using leachable porogen particles
According to one embodiment, a silicone-based ink for additive manufacturing includes a vinyl-terminated diphenyl siloxane macromer, a treated silica hydrophobic reinforcing filler, a rheology modifying additive, and a plurality of porogen particles. According to another embodiment, a product of additive manufacturing with a silicone-based ink includes a plurality of continuous filaments comprised of a siloxane matrix, where the continuous filaments are arranged in a geometric pattern, a plurality of inter-filament pores defined by the geometric pattern of the continuous filaments, and a plurality of intra-filament pores having an average diameter in a range of greater than 1 micron to less than 50 microns.
1. A silicone-based ink for additive manufacturing, the ink comprising:
a vinyl-terminated diphenyl siloxane macromer;
a treated silica hydrophobic reinforcing filler;
a rheology modifying additive; and
a plurality of porogen particles.
2. The ink as recited in claim 1 , wherein the porogen particles are soluble in an aqueous solution.
3. The ink as recited in claim 1 , wherein an average diameter of the porogen particles is in a range greater than one micron to about 50 microns.
4. The ink as recited in claim 1 , wherein an average diameter of the porogen particles is in a range of greater than 10 microns to about 30 microns.
5. A product, comprising: the ink as recited in claim 1 , and instructions for using the ink with an extrusion nozzle whereby a range of a ratio of an average diameter of the porogen particles to a diameter of the extrusion nozzle is about 1:5 to about 1:20.
6. The ink as recited in claim 1 , wherein an average circularity of the porogen particles is greater than 0.90.
7. The ink as recited in claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the porogen particles is in a range of greater than 0 volume % to about 75 volume % of volume of total ink.
8. The ink as recited in claim 1 , wherein the porogen particles are selected from the group consisting of: urea particles, sugar particles, polyethylene glycol, and a mixture of urea particles and glycerol.
9. A product of additive manufacturing with the silicone-based ink as recited in claim 1 , the product comprising:
a plurality of continuous filaments arranged in a geometric pattern, wherein each of the continuous filaments comprises a siloxane matrix having a plurality of intra-filament pores; and
a plurality of inter-filament pores, wherein the inter-filament pores are defined by the geometric pattern of the continuous filaments,
wherein the intra-filament pores have an average diameter in a range of greater than 1 micron to less than 50 microns.
10. The product as recited in claim 9 , wherein the intra-filament pores are interconnected from a surface of the associated filament to a surface on an opposite side of the associated filament.
11. A method of forming a three-dimensional printed siloxane structure having intra-filament porosity using the silicone-based ink of claim 1 , the method comprising:
extruding a continuous filament of the silicone-based ink through a nozzle to form a structure having continuous filaments;
curing the extruded ink to at least a predefined extent to form the three-dimensional printed siloxane structure; and
leaching the porogen particles from the three-dimensional printed siloxane structure.
12. The method as recited in claim 11 , wherein the silicone-based ink includes a curing agent, a crosslinking agent, and an effective amount of an inhibitor or controlling the rate of curing by the curing agent.