Image sensing using atomic vapor cell assemblies
Systems and methods for image sensing using atomic vapor cell assemblies are provided. In certain embodiments, a device includes an atomic vapor cell assembly containing atoms associated with multiple pixel locations; a readout laser source that emits readout lasers that illuminate the atoms; a pump laser source that illuminates the atoms with pump lasers to prepare the atoms that are in a dark ground state, wherein an atom in the dark ground state is not coupled to the readout lasers; and a targeting laser source that emits a targeting laser towards a target, wherein a portion of the targeting laser reflected by the target that is incident upon the atoms causes the atoms to transition to a bright ground state; wherein the atoms in the bright ground state are coupled to the readout laser and emit multiple readout photons.
1. A device comprising:
an atomic vapor cell assembly containing a plurality of atoms associated with a plurality of pixel locations;
one or more readout laser sources that emit one or more readout lasers that illuminate the plurality of atoms;
one or more pump laser sources that illuminate the plurality of atoms with one or more pump lasers to prepare one or more atoms in the plurality of atoms that are in a dark ground state, wherein an atom in the dark ground state is not coupled to the one or more readout lasers; and
one or more targeting laser sources that emit one or more targeting lasers towards a target, wherein a portion of the one or more targeting lasers reflected by the target that is incident upon the one or more atoms causes the one or more atoms to transition to a bright ground state;
wherein the one or more atoms in the bright ground state are coupled to the one or more readout lasers and emit one or more readout photons.
2. The device of claim 1 , further comprising:
a photodetector assembly configured to:
detect the one or more readout photons emitted by the one or more atoms; and
determine one or more pixel locations in the plurality of pixel locations associated with the one or more atoms.
3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the photodetector assembly comprises a plurality of charge coupled devices, wherein each charge coupled device is associated with a pixel location in the plurality of pixel locations.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the atomic vapor cell assembly comprises a plurality of atomic vapor cells.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the atomic vapor cell assembly comprises:
an atomic vapor cell; and
a microlens layer, where the microlens layer comprises a plurality of microlenses, each microlens associated with a pixel location in the plurality of pixel locations.
6. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a dichroic coating formed on a side of the atomic vapor cell assembly that is opposite to a front side of the atomic vapor cell assembly, wherein the portion of the one or more targeting lasers enters the atomic vapor cell assembly through the front side and the one or more readout photons pass through the dichroic coating.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the one or more readout lasers, the one or more pump lasers, and the one or more target lasers have wavelengths in the infrared range.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the one or more readout lasers and the one or more pump lasers enter the atomic vapor cell assembly through a side of the atomic vapor cell assembly that is adjacent to a front side of the atomic vapor cell assembly, wherein the portion of the one or more targeting lasers enters the atomic vapor cell assembly through the front side.
9. The device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more readout laser sources and the one or more pump laser sources comprise a plurality of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs), wherein each VCSEL in the plurality of VCSELs is associated with a pixel location in the plurality of pixel locations.
10. A method comprising:
emitting one or more readout lasers that illuminate a plurality of atoms within an atomic vapor cell assembly;
emitting one or more pump lasers to illuminate the plurality of atoms with one or more pump lasers to prepare one or more atoms in the plurality of atoms that are in a dark ground state, wherein an atom in the dark ground state is not coupled to the one or more readout lasers; and
emitting one or more targeting lasers towards a target, wherein a portion of the one or more targeting lasers reflected by the target that is incident upon the one or more atoms causes the one or more atoms to transition to a bright ground state, wherein the one or more atoms in the bright ground state are coupled to the one or more readout lasers and emit one or more readout photons.
11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
detecting the readout photons emitted by the one or more atoms; and
determining one or more pixel locations in a plurality of pixel locations associated with the one or more atoms.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein detecting the readout photons comprises receiving the emitted photons at one or more charge coupled devices, wherein each charge coupled device is associated with a pixel location in the plurality of pixel locations.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the atomic vapor cell assembly comprises an atomic vapor cell and a microlens layer, wherein detecting the readout photons further comprises:
emitting a readout photon in the one or more readout photons through a microlens in the microlens layer, wherein the microlens is associated with a pixel location in the one or more pixel locations; and
detecting the readout photon at a photodetector associated with the pixel location.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein the atomic vapor cell assembly comprises a plurality of atomic vapor cells.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the plurality of atomic vapor cells are formed on a chip.
16. The method of claim 10 , further comprising blocking the portion of the one or more targeting lasers and the one or more pump lasers with a dichroic coating formed on a side of the atomic vapor cell assembly that is opposite to a front side of the atomic vapor cell assembly, wherein the portion of the one or more targeting lasers enters the atomic vapor cell assembly through the front side.
17. The method of claim 10 , wherein the one or more readout lasers, the one or more pump lasers, and the one or more target lasers have wavelengths in the infrared range.
18. The method of claim 10 , wherein emitting the one or more readout lasers and the one or more pump lasers comprises emitting the one or more readout lasers and the one or more pump lasers through one or more sides of the atomic vapor cell assembly that are adjacent to a front side of the atomic vapor cell assembly, wherein the portion of the one or more targeting lasers enters the atomic vapor cell assembly through the front side.
19. The method of claim 10 , wherein emitting the one or more readout lasers and the one or more pump lasers comprises emitting at least one of the one or more readout lasers and the one or more pump laser with a plurality of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers.
20. A device comprising:
an atomic vapor cell assembly containing a plurality of atoms associated with a plurality of pixel locations;
one or more readout laser sources that emit one or more readout lasers that illuminate the plurality of atoms;
one or more pump laser sources that illuminate the plurality of atoms with one or more pump lasers to prepare one or more atoms in the plurality of atoms that are in a dark ground state, wherein an atom in the dark ground state is not coupled to the one or more readout lasers;
one or more targeting laser sources that emit one or more targeting lasers towards a target, wherein a portion of the one or more targeting lasers reflected by the target that is incident upon the one or more atoms causes the one or more atoms to transition to a bright ground state, wherein the one or more atoms in the bright ground state are coupled to the one or more readout lasers and emit one or more readout photons; and
a photodetector assembly configured to detect the one or more readout photons emitted by the one or more atoms and determine one or more pixel locations in the plurality of pixel locations associated with the one or more atoms.