Method of shedding ice and fan blade
A gas turbine engine can have compressor or fan blades having elongated indentations formed in the radially-inner portion of the pressure face, each elongated indentation having a curved bottom extending transversally between sharp edges, the sharp edges delimiting a width of the elongated indentation from adjacent surfaces of the blade pressure face. During operation of the gas turbine engine, ice can accumulate on the blade, covering the elongated indentations, and the elongated indentations can cause crack appearance in the vicinity of its edge.
1. A method of operating a turbofan engine with a fan having a plurality of circumferentially spaced blades, the method comprising:
providing elongated indentations on a radially inner portion of at least some of the blades, the indentations configured such that, in use during engine icing conditions, an ice layer forming on the fan blade penetrates and least partially covers one or more of said elongated indentations.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the elongated indentations are configured such that in use, when covered by the ice layer, the elongated indentations cause an appearance of a crack spreading along a length of the elongated indentation.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the elongated indentations include at least two elongated indentations intersecting with one another at a hub configured such that in use, when covered by the ice layer, the crack spreading along a length of one of the at least two elongated indentations reaches the hub, and spreads along the intersecting elongated indentation.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising, during rotation of the fan, at least one of said elongated indentations holding a portion of the ice layer penetrating into the elongated indentation, while an adjacent portion of the ice layer covering a face of the blade adjacent the elongated indentation is pulled away from the penetrating portion of the ice layer due to centrifugal acceleration, thereby causing internal stress.
5. A gas turbine engine comprising a rotor having a plurality of circumferentially spaced blades, the blades having a pressure face and a suction face, a radially-outer portion and a radially-inner portion of the blade span, and elongated indentations on the radially-inner portion of the pressure face of the blades, the elongated indentations having a curved surface extending between discontinuous edges delimiting the elongated indentations from the blade pressure face.
6. The gas turbine engine of claim 5 wherein the gas turbine engine is a turbofan engine, and the blades are fan blades.
7. The gas turbine engine of claim 5 wherein a depth of indentations is at least 2 mm relative to adjacent surfaces of the blade pressure face.
8. The gas turbine engine of claim 5 wherein a depth of indentations is less than 30% of a thickness of the blade between the pressure face and the suction face, the thickness taken at the location of the indentations.
9. The gas turbine engine of claim 5 wherein the ratio of width to depth of the elongated indentations is between 1 and 2.
10. The gas turbine engine of claim 5 wherein the ratio of width to depth of the elongated indentations is between 1.25 and 2.
11. The gas turbine engine of claim 5 wherein the ratio of length to width of the elongated indentations is at least 20 to 1.
12. The gas turbine engine of claim 5 wherein the ratio of length to width of the elongated indentations is of at least 40 to 1.
13. The gas turbine engine of claim 5 wherein the elongated indentation has a semi-circular or semi-oval cross-sectional shape.
14. The gas turbine engine of claim 5 wherein each blade has at least two intersecting elongated indentations.
15. The gas turbine engine of claim 5 wherein each blade has a first elongated indentation aligned along the length of the blade, and a second elongated indentation intersecting the first elongated indentation.
16. The gas turbine engine of claim 5 wherein the elongated indentations are positioned in a manner to span a portion of the blades which is both an ice accumulation area of the blades and a low stress concentration area of the blades.
17. A turbofan blade having a pressure face and a suction face, a radially-outer portion and a radially-inner portion, and at least two elongated indentations intersecting one another, the at least tow indentations at least partially formed in the radially-inner portion of the pressure face of the turbofan blade, the elongated indentation having a curved bottom extending transversally between sharp edges, the sharp edges delimiting the elongated indentation from adjacent surfaces of the blade pressure face.
18. The turbofan blade of claim 17 wherein the curved bottom extends to a depth of at least 2 mm relative to adjacent surfaces of the blade pressure face, and the ratio of width to depth of the elongated indentations is of between 1 and 2.
19. The turbofan blade of claim 17 wherein the elongated indentation has a semi-circular or semi-oval cross-sectional shape.
20. The turbofan blade of claim 17 , wherein the sharp edges are discontinuous.