Thermal mass flow sensor with improved accuracy
Mass flow controllers and methods for controlling mass flow controllers are disclosed. A method includes providing a gas through a thermal mass flow sensor of the mass flow controller and processing a flow sensor signal from the thermal mass flow sensor of the mass flow controller to produce a measured flow signal. The measured flow signal is corrected to produce a corrected flow signal by gradually changing non-linearity correction to the measured flow signal when a flow rate of the gas changes. A valve of the mass flow controller is controlled using the corrected flow signal and a setpoint signal.
1. A method for controlling a mass flow controller, the method comprising:
providing a gas through a thermal mass flow sensor of the mass flow controller;
processing a flow sensor signal from the thermal mass flow sensor of the mass flow controller to produce a measured flow signal by applying steady-state-derived nonlinearity characterization data to adjust the flow sensor signal;
obtaining a current sensor sensitivity value based on the measured flow signal and the nonlinearity characterization data;
updating a predicted sensor sensitivity value based on the current sensor sensitivity value and a prior predicted sensor sensitivity value;
correcting the measured flow signal to produce a corrected flow signal by gradually changing, over a transition time period while a temperature profile of the thermal mass flow sensor is stabilizing and based at least in part on the predicted sensor sensitivity value, a non-linearity correction applied to the measured flow signal when a flow rate of the gas changes; and
controlling a valve of the mass flow controller using the corrected flow signal and a setpoint signal.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein
the correcting includes obtaining a product of the measured flow signal and the predicted sensor sensitivity value, S p , while the predicted sensor sensitivity value, S p , gradually changes toward the current sensor sensitivity value, S c .
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein a new value, S p_new , of the predicted sensor sensitivity value, S p , is calculated as S p_new =k*S c +(1−k)*S p_prior , where S p_prior is the prior value of the predicted sensor sensitivity value, S p , where k=t s /T, where t s is a sampling interval between obtaining flow rates and T is a time constant.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the time constant, T, is two seconds or less.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein gradually changing includes adjusting a sensor sensitivity function that is used to adjust the measured flow signal for up to 10 seconds.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein gradually changing includes adjusting a sensor sensitivity function that is used to adjust the measured flow signal for up to 8 seconds.
7. A mass flow controller comprising:
a main flow path for a gas;
a control valve to control a flow rate of the gas through the main flow path;
a thermal mass flow sensor coupled to the main flow path to provide a flow sensor signal indicative of a mass flow rate of the gas;
means for processing the flow sensor signal from the thermal mass flow sensor of the mass flow controller to produce a measured flow signal by applying steady-state-derived nonlinearity characterization data to adjust the flow sensor signal;
means for obtaining a current sensor sensitivity value based on the measured flow signal and the steady-state-derived nonlinearity characterization data;
means for updating a predicted sensor sensitivity value based on the current sensor sensitivity value and a prior predicted sensor sensitivity value;
means for correcting the measured flow signal to produce a corrected flow signal by gradually changing, over a transition time period while a temperature profile of the thermal mass flow sensor is stabilizing and based at least in part on the predicted sensor sensitivity value, a non-linearity correction applied to the measured flow signal when a flow rate of the gas changes; and
a control component coupled to the means for correcting and the control valve to control a position of the control valve based upon the corrected flow signal and a setpoint signal.
8. The mass flow controller of claim 7 , wherein
the means for correcting includes means for obtaining a product of the measured flow signal and the predicted sensor sensitivity value, S p , while the predicted sensor sensitivity value, S p , gradually changes toward the current sensor sensitivity value, S c .
9. The mass flow controller of claim 8 , wherein a new value, S p_new , of the predicted sensor sensitivity value, S p , is calculated as S p_new =k*S c +(1−k)*S p_prior , where S p_prior is the prior value of the predicted sensor sensitivity value, S p , where k=t s /T, where t s is a sampling interval between obtaining flow rates and T is a time constant.
10. The mass flow controller of claim 9 , wherein the time constant, T, is two seconds or less.
11. The mass flow controller of claim 7 , wherein the means for gradually changing includes means for adjusting a sensor sensitivity function that is used to adjust the measured flow signal for up to 10 seconds.
12. The mass flow controller of claim 11 wherein the means for gradually changing includes means for adjusting a sensor sensitivity function that is used to adjust the measured flow signal for up to 8 seconds.
13. A mass flow controller comprising:
a main flow path for a gas;
a control valve to control a flow rate of the gas though the main flow path;
a thermal mass flow sensor coupled to the main flow path to provide a flow sensor signal indicative of a mass flow rate of the gas;
a processing portion to receive and process the flow sensor signal from the thermal mass flow sensor to produce a measured flow signal by applying steady-state-derived nonlinearity characterization data to adjust the flow sensor signal;
a nonlinear compensator including a non-transitory, tangible processor readable storage medium, encoded with processor executable instructions to produce a corrected flow signal, the instructions comprising instructions to:
obtain a current sensor sensitivity value based on the measured flow signal and the steady-state-derived nonlinearity characterization data;
update a predicted sensor sensitivity value based on the current sensor sensitivity value and a prior predicted sensor sensitivity value;
correct the measured flow signal to produce a corrected flow signal by gradually changing, over a transition time period while a temperature profile of the thermal mass flow sensor is stabilizing and based at least in part on the predicted sensor sensitivity value, a non-linearity correction applied to the measured flow signal when a flow rate of the gas changes; and
a control component coupled to the nonlinear compensator and the control valve to control a position of the control valve based upon the corrected flow signal and a setpoint signal.
14. The mass flow controller of claim 13 , wherein
the instructions to correct includes instructions to obtain a product of the measured flow signal and the predicted sensor sensitivity value, S p , while the predicted sensor sensitivity value, S p , gradually changes toward the current sensor sensitivity value.
15. The mass flow controller of claim 14 , wherein a new value, S p_new , of the predicted sensor sensitivity value, S p , is calculated as S p_new =k*S c +(1−k)*S p_prior , where S p_prior is the prior value of the predicted sensor sensitivity value, S p , where k=t s /T, where t s is a sampling interval between obtaining flow rates and T is a time constant.
16. The mass flow controller of claim 15 , wherein the time constant, T, is two seconds or less.
17. The mass flow controller of claim 13 , wherein gradually changing includes adjusting a sensor sensitivity function that is used to adjust the measured flow signal for up to 10 seconds.
18. The mass flow controller of claim 17 wherein gradually changing includes adjusting a sensor sensitivity function that is used to adjust the measured flow signal for up to 8 seconds.