Carbon working electrode for a continuous biological sensor
Briefly, a carbon working electrode is described that has a plastic substrate of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, or polylactic acid, and may be formed into an elongated wire. The carbon material coats the plastic substrate, and may be, for example, graphene, diamagnetic graphite, pyrolytic graphite, pyrolytic carbon, carbon black, carbon paste, or carbon ink, which is aqueously dispersed in an elastomeric material such as polyurethane, silicone, acrylates or acrylics. Optionally, selected additives may be added to the carbon compound prior to it being layered onto the plastic substrate. These additives may, for example, improve electrical conductivity or sensitivity, or act as a catalyst for target analyte molecules.
1. A method of making a working electrode for a continuous biological monitor, comprising:
providing a plastic substrate;
preparing a carbon compound that is an aqueous solution of a carbon material and an elastomeric material;
applying the carbon compound to the plastic substrate;
curing the carbon compound to form a cured carbon compound; and
adding an enzyme layer over the cured carbon compound;
wherein the carbon material contains at least two materials selected from a group consisting of carbon black, graphene, pyrolytic carbon, pyrolytic graphite, and diamagnetic graphite.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the preparing the carbon compound further comprises adding a hydrogen peroxide catalyst.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the hydrogen peroxide catalyst is Phthalocyanine or Prussian blue.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the preparing the carbon compound further comprises adding a metal oxide.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the metal oxide is an oxide of nickel, copper, rhodium or iridium.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the plastic substrate comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, or poly lactic acid.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the elastomeric material comprises a polyurethane, silicone, acrylate or acrylic.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon material comprises carbon paste or carbon ink.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the applying the carbon compound comprises dipping, spraying, depositing, or printing.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the cured carbon compound has a resistivity of less than 1 Ohms/mm 2 .
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon compound comprises at least 40% polyurethane, at least 40% acrylic polyol, and 0.1%-0.5% of the pyrolytic carbon.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon compound comprises at least 40% polyurethane, at least 40% acrylic polyol, and 0.1%-0.5% of the pyrolytic graphite.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon compound comprises at least 40% polyurethane, at least 40% acrylic polyol, and 0.1%-0.5% of the diamagnetic graphite.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon compound comprises 0.1%-0.5% pyrolytic carbon.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon compound comprises 0.1%-0.5% pyrolytic graphite.
16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon compound comprises 0.1%-0.5% graphene.
17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon compound comprises at least two materials selected from the group consisting of carbon black, graphene and pyrolytic graphite.
18. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the cured carbon compound has a resistivity of less than 5 Ohms/mm 2 .