Salt ceramic composites and manufacture thereof
Highly dense lithium based ceramics can be prepared by a low temperature process including combining a lithium based ceramic with a polar solvent having a lithium based salt dissolved therein and applying pressure and heat to the combination to form a salt-ceramic composite. Advantageously, the lithium salt is one that dissolves in the polar solvent and the heat applied to the combination is no greater than about 250° C. Such composites can also have high ionic conductivity.
1. A process of preparing a salt-ceramic composite, the process comprising:
applying pressure and heat to a mixture including a lithium based ceramic and a polar solvent having a lithium salt dissolved therein, to form a salt-ceramic composite,
wherein the heat applied to the mixture is no greater than about 250° C.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the lithium based ceramic comprises a lithium-aluminum phosphate or a lithium titanium phosphate.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the lithium salt comprises an organic lithium salt.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the polar solvent comprises an aqueous medium having over 90 wt % water.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the heat applied to the mixture is no greater than about 150° C.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the pressure applied to the mixture is a uniaxial pressure of no greater than about 1,000 MPa.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the mixture includes less than about 50 wt % of the polar solvent.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the lithium salt is in an amount greater than 4 volume % relative to the mixture.
9. A salt-ceramic composite prepared according to claim 1 .
10. The salt-ceramic composite of claim 9 having a relative density of greater than 85%.
11. The salt-ceramic composite of claim 9 having an ionic conductivity of greater than 10 −4 S/cm.
12. The salt-ceramic composite of claim 9 , where the lithium salt increases an amount of a lithium composition at grain boundaries of the lithium based ceramic.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein the polar solvent of the mixture has the lithium salt completely dissolved therein.
14. The process of claim 13 , wherein the lithium based ceramic has a limited solubility in the polar solvent such that the lithium based ceramic is not completely dissolvable in the polar solvent.
15. The process of claim 13 , wherein the lithium based ceramic has a solubility in the polar solvent under the pressure and a temperature at which the applying of the pressure and heat occurs that is below a solubility of the lithium salt.
16. The process of claim 1 , wherein the polar solvent of the mixture has the lithium salt completely dissolved therein and the method comprising:
mixing the lithium based ceramic with the polar solvent having the lithium salt completely dissolved therein to moisten the lithium based ceramic, the lithium based ceramic being in powder form or particulate form, the mixing of the lithium based ceramic with the polar solvent having the lithium salt completely dissolved therein occurring before the applying of the pressure and the heat.
17. The process of claim 16 , wherein the polar solvent comprises water.
18. The process of claim 16 , wherein the mixture includes the polar solvent at a composition that is less than 50 weight percent of the mixture or is less than 30 weight percent of the mixture.
19. The process of claim 18 , wherein the mixture includes the lithium salt at a composition that is greater than 4 volume percent of the mixture.
20. The process of claim 18 , wherein the lithium salt is a bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt (LiTFSI) salt and the lithium based ceramic is Li 1.6a l 0.5 Ge 1.5 (PO 4 ) 3 (LAGP) or Li 1.5a l 0.4 Ti 1.6 (PO 4 ) 3 (LATP).