Product and method of producing dairy products comprising dairy-derived emulsifying salts
Dairy products are produced by subjecting a starting dairy material to nanofiltration to remove monovalent ions to produce an ion-depleted dairy permeate; passing the ion-depleted dairy permeate through an ion exchange column and subsequently with a sodium-containing eluting solution to produce sodium phosphate and sodium citrate derived from the starting material; concentrating the sodium phosphate and sodium citrate; and combining the concentrated sodium phosphate and sodium citrate with dairy components. The dairy product contains an amount of the concentrated sodium phosphate and sodium citrate sufficient to cause fat in the dairy product to be emulsified and protein in the dairy product to be hydrated. In addition or alternatively, a dairy by-product stream may be subjected to ion exchange to remove calcium therefrom; concentrated, and combined with dairy materials naturally containing phosphate and citrate in order to adjust the citrate+phosphate-to-calcium ratio to reach an emulsified dairy product.
1. A method for the production of a dairy product, the method comprising:
subjecting a starting dairy material to nanofiltration to remove monovalent ions to produce an ion-depleted dairy permeate;
passing the ion-depleted dairy permeate through an ion exchange column and subsequently passing a sodium-containing eluting solution through the ion exchange column to produce sodium phosphate and sodium citrate derived from the starting material;
concentrating the sodium phosphate and sodium citrate; and
combining the concentrated sodium phosphate and sodium citrate with dairy components produced from the starting dairy material to produce the dairy product,
wherein the dairy product contains an amount of the concentrated sodium phosphate and sodium citrate sufficient to cause fat in the dairy product to be emulsified and protein in the dairy product to be hydrated; and
wherein the starting dairy material is selected from pasteurized milk, skim milk, buttermilk, milk permeate, whey, whey permeate, salty whey, acid whey, acid whey permeate, mother liquor from lactose manufacture and grandmother liquor from lactose manufacture.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the starting dairy material is produced from one or more of ultrafiltration (UF), microfiltration (MF) or nanofiltration (NF).
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the starting dairy material is a permeate produced from the one or more of the UF or MF.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the starting dairy material is milk permeate.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the dairy components added in the step of combining comprise a concentrated milk retentate or a component thereof produced from the one or more of the UF or MF.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ion exchange column is an anion exchange column and the sodium-containing eluting solution is a solution of sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide or a mixture thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of concentrating the sodium phosphate and sodium citrate is performed by reverse osmosis.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is a continuous process.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sodium phosphate and sodium citrate from the retentate are concentrated to a level of about 1 to about 15 percent total solids.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sodium phosphate and sodium citrate from the retentate are concentrated by reverse osmosis to a level of up to about 60 percent total solids.