Dispersant-attached polytetrafluoroethylene particle, composition, layer-shaped article, electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus
A dispersant-attached polytetrafluoroethylene particle includes a polytetrafluoroethylene particle and a dispersant that attaches to a surface of the polytetrafluoroethylene particle and contains a fluorine atom. The particle size distribution index [D 50 -D 10 ] is less than 50 nm and the electrical conductivity is 7 μS/cm or less.
1. A dispersant-attached polytetrafluoroethylene particle comprising:
a polytetrafluoroethylene particle; and
a dispersant that attaches to a surface of the polytetrafluoroethylene particle and contains a fluorine atom,
wherein a particle size distribution index [D 50 -D 10 ] is less than 50 nm and an electrical conductivity is 7 μS/cm or less,
the dispersant that contains a fluorine atom is a fluorinated alkyl group-containing polymer obtained by homopolymerization or copolymerization of a polymerizable compound having a fluorinated alkyl group, and
the fluorinated alkyl group-containing polymer is a fluorinated alkyl group-containing polymer having a structural unit represented by general formula (FA) below, or a fluorinated alkyl group-containing polymer having a structural unit represented by general formula (FA) below and a structural unit represented by general formula (FB) below:
where, in general formulae (FA) and (FB), R F1 , R F2 , R F3 , and R F4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, X F1 represents an alkylene chain, a halogen-substituted alkylene chain, —S—, —O—, —NH—, or a single bond, Y F1 represents an alkylene chain, a halogen-substituted alkylene chain, —(C fx H 2fx−1 (OH))—, or a single bond, Q F1 represents —O— or —NH—, fl, fm, and fn each independently represent an integer of 1 or more, fp, fq, fr, and fs each independently represent 0 or an integer of 1 or more, ft represents an integer of 1 or more and 7 or less, and fx represents an integer of 1 or more.
2. The dispersant-attached polytetrafluoroethylene particle according to claim 1 , wherein the particle size distribution index [D 50 -D 10 ] is 35 nm or less.
3. The dispersant-attached polytetrafluoroethylene particle according to claim 1 , wherein the particle size distribution index [D 50 -D 10 ] is 5 nm or more.
4. The dispersant-attached polytetrafluoroethylene particle according to claim 2 , wherein the particle size distribution index [D 50 -D 10 ] is 10 nm or more.
5. The dispersant-attached polytetrafluoroethylene particle according to claim 1 , wherein an average primary particle diameter is 0.1 μm or more and 0.5 μm or less.
6. The dispersant-attached polytetrafluoroethylene particle according to claim 1 , wherein the electrical conductivity is 2 μS/cm or less.
7. The dispersant-attached polytetrafluoroethylene particle according to claim 1 , wherein an amount of the dispersant that contains a fluorine atom is 0.5 mass % or more and 10 mass % or less relative to the polytetrafluoroethylene particle.
8. The dispersant-attached polytetrafluoroethylene particle according to claim 7 , wherein the amount of the dispersant that contains a fluorine atom is 1 mass % or more and 7 mass % or less relative to the polytetrafluoroethylene particle.
9. A composition comprising the dispersant-attached polytetrafluoroethylene particle according to claim 1 .
10. The composition according to claim 9 , wherein the composition is liquid or solid.
11. A layer-shaped article comprising the dispersant-attached polytetrafluoroethylene particle according to claim 1 .
12. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising:
a conductive substrate; and
a photosensitive layer on the conductive substrate;
wherein an outermost surface is formed of the layer-shaped article according to claim 11 .
13. A process cartridge detachably attachable to an image forming apparatus, the process cartridge comprising the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 12 .
14. An image forming apparatus comprising:
the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 12 ;
a charging unit that charges a surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor;
an electrostatic latent image forming unit that forms an electrostatic latent image on the charged surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor;
a developing unit that develops the electrostatic latent image on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor by using a developer that contains a toner so as to form a toner image; and
a transfer unit that transfers the toner image onto a surface of a recording medium.