Architecture for light emitting elements in a light field display
The disclosure describes various aspects of an architecture for light emitting elements in a light field display. In an aspect, a light field display can include multiple picture elements (e.g., super-raxels), where each picture element includes multiple sub-picture elements monolithically integrated on a same semiconductor substrate. Each sub-picture element has a respective light steering optical element and includes an array of light emitting elements (e.g., sub-raxels) that produce the same color of light. The light steering optical element can include at least one microlens, at least one grating, or a combination of both. Separate groups of light emitting elements can be configured and a directional resolution of the light field display can be based on the number of groups. The light field display also includes electronic means configured to drive the light emitting elements in each sub-picture element.
1. A light field display comprising:
a picture element including multiple sub-picture elements, the multiple sub-picture elements including:
an array of light emitting elements grown directly on a single, continuous semiconductor substrate, the array of light emitting elements including (i) a first light emitting element configured to produce a first color of light, (ii) a second light emitting element configured to produce a second color of light that differs from the first color of light, and (iii) a third light emitting element configured to produce a third color of light that differs from each of the first color of light and the second color of light;
a light steering optical element configured to direct the first color of light, the second color of light, and the third color of light emitted from the array of light emitting elements in a first direction different from a second direction associated with another array of light emitting elements grown directly on the single, continuous semiconductor substrate; and
a backplane including electronic circuits electronically connected with the picture element and configured to individually drive the multiple sub-picture elements.
2. The light field display of claim 1 , wherein for each one of the multiple sub-picture elements, the light steering optical element is aligned and bonded to the array of light emitting elements.
3. The light field display of claim 2 , wherein the light steering optical element includes at least one of a microlens and a grating.
4. The light field display of claim 1 , wherein for each one of the multiple sub-picture elements, the light steering optical element optimizes a chromatic aberration for a color of light produced by that one of the multiple sub-picture elements.
5. The light field display of claim 1 , wherein each one of the light emitting elements is a light emitting diode (LED).
6. The light field display of claim 5 , wherein the LED is an inorganic LED.
7. The light field display of claim 5 , wherein the multiple sub-picture elements include:
a first sub-picture element configured for producing light at a first wavelength,
a second sub-picture element configured for producing light at a second wavelength, the second wavelength being different from the first wavelength, and
a third sub-picture element configured for producing light at a third wavelength, the third wavelength being different from the first wavelength and second wavelength.
8. The light field display of claim 7 , wherein:
the first sub-picture element includes a first group of clustered LEDs formed at least in part of indium-gallium-nitride (InGaN) with a first composition of indium (In),
the second sub-picture element includes a second group of clustered LEDs formed at least in part of InGaN with a second composition of In, the second composition of In being different from the first composition of In, and
the third sub-picture element includes a third group of clustered LEDs formed at least in part of InGaN with a third composition of In, the third composition of In being different from the first composition of In and second composition of In.
9. The light field display of claim 7 , further comprising:
a first converter arrangement optically coupled with the first sub-picture element and configured for converting light produced by the first sub-picture element from the first wavelength to a first modified wavelength; and
a second converter arrangement optically coupled with the second sub-picture element and configured for converting light produced by the second sub-picture element from the second wavelength to a second modified wavelength.
10. The light field display of claim 9 , wherein at least one of the first converter arrangement and the second converter arrangement is formed at least in part of a composition including phosphorous.
11. The light field display of claim 9 , wherein at least one of the first converter arrangement and the second converter arrangement includes quantum dots.
12. The light field display of claim 11 , wherein the first converter arrangement includes quantum dots of a first size, and the second converter arrangement includes quantum dots of a second size.
13. The light field display of claim 1 , wherein the single, continuous semiconductor substrate includes at least one of GaN, GaAs, Al2O3, Si, SiC, Ga2O3, alloys thereof, and derivatives thereof.
14. The light field display of claim 1 , wherein the light emitting elements includes at least one of AIN, GaN, InN, AlAs, GaAs, InAs, AlP, GaP, InP, alloys thereof, and derivatives thereof.
15. The light field display of claim 1 , wherein the array of light emitting elements in each one of the multiple sub-picture elements has a geometric arrangement to allow adjacent placement of at least two sub-picture elements.
16. The light field display of claim 15 , wherein the geometric arrangement is one of a hexagonal shape, a square shape, and a rectangular shape.
17. The light field display of claim 1 , wherein:
each sub-picture element produces an optical output having a specific color, intensity, and spatial directionality.
18. The light field display of claim 1 , wherein a size of each one of the multiple sub-picture elements is between about 10 microns and about 1,000 microns.
19. The light field display of claim 1 , wherein the electronic circuits are configured to individually drive each one of the light emitting elements in each one of the multiple sub-picture elements.
20. The light field display of claim 1 , wherein multiple sub-picture elements are all fabricated on the single, continuous semiconductor substrate.
21. The light field display of claim 1 , wherein the single, continuous semiconductor substrate includes a single layer.
22. The light field display of claim 1 , wherein the picture element includes:
a first layer including the light steering optical element,
a second continuous layer including the array of light emitting elements, and
a third layer disposed between the first layer and the second continuous layer, the third layer being optically transparent.
23. The light field display of claim 1 , wherein the multiple sub-picture elements include:
a first sub-picture element configured to produce the first color of light,
a second sub-picture element configured to produce the second color of light, and
a third sub-picture element configured to produce the third color of light,
the first sub-picture element, the second sub-picture element, and third sub-picture element being disposed on the single, continuous semiconductor substrate.
24. The light field display of claim 1 , wherein
the first light emitting element has a dimension with a range between about 0.4 microns and 4 microns,
the second light emitting element has a dimension with a range between about 0.4 microns and 4 microns, and
the third light emitting element has a dimension with a range between about 0.4 microns and 4 microns.
25. A light field display for producing multiple views, comprising:
a plurality of picture elements each formed from a single layer grown on a same, continuous semiconductor substrate;
a backplane electronically connected with the plurality of picture elements and separate from the same, continuous semiconductor substrate, wherein the plurality of picture elements includes:
a first light emitting element, the first light emitting element being configured to produce light at a first wavelength,
a second light emitting element, the second light emitting element being configured to produce light at a second wavelength, the second wavelength being different from the first wavelength,
a third light emitting element, the third light emitting element being configured to produce light at a third wavelength, the third wavelength being different from the first wavelength and the second wavelength, and
a light detecting element being configured to capture light; and
a light steering optical element configured to direct the light towards the light detecting element,
wherein each one of the plurality of picture elements is configured to contribute to at least one of the multiple views, and
wherein the backplane includes electronic circuits configured to drive the first light emitting element, the second light emitting element, and the third light emitting element.
26. The light field display of claim 25 ,
wherein the first light emitting element includes a first group of adjacently located light emitting diodes (LEDs) formed at least in part of indium-gallium-nitride (InGaN) with a first composition of indium (In),
wherein the second light emitting element includes a second group of adjacently located LEDs formed at least in part of InGaN with a second composition of In, the second composition of In being different from the first composition of In, and
wherein the third light emitting element includes a third group of adjacently located LEDs formed at least in part of InGaN with a third composition of In, the third composition of In being different from the first composition of In and second composition of In.
27. The light field display of claim 26 , wherein the electronic circuits are configured for individually driving each one of the LEDs in the first light emitting element, second light emitting element, and third light emitting element.
28. The light field display of claim 25 , further comprising a plurality of light steering optical elements optically coupled with the plurality of picture elements for directing light produced by that one of the plurality of picture elements in a selected direction.
29. The light field display of claim 28 , wherein the light steering optical element includes at least one of a microlens and a grating.
30. The light field display of claim 28 , wherein, for each one of the plurality of picture elements, the light steering optical element corresponding to that picture element is configured for optimizing a chromatic aberration for a color of light produced by that sub-picture element.
31. The light field display of claim 25 , further comprising:
a first converter arrangement optically coupled with the first light emitting element and configured to convert light produced by the first light emitting element from the first wavelength to a first modified wavelength; and
a second converter arrangement optically coupled with the second light emitting element and configured to convert light produced by the second light emitting element from the second wavelength to a second modified wavelength.
32. The light field display of claim 31 , wherein at least one of the first converter arrangement and second converter arrangement is formed at least in part of a composition including phosphorus.
33. The light field display of claim 31 , wherein at least one of the first converter arrangement and second converter arrangement includes quantum dots.
34. The light field display of claim 33 , wherein the first converter arrangement includes quantum dots of a first size, and the second converter arrangement includes quantum dots of a second size.
35. The light field display of claim 25 , wherein the first light emitting element, second light emitting element, and third light emitting element are all fabricated on the same semiconductor substrate.
36. A light field display comprising:
a picture element including multiple sub-picture elements, the multiple sub-picture elements including:
an array of light emitting elements grown directly on a single, continuous semiconductor substrate, the array of light emitting elements being capable of producing a selected one of a first color of light, a second color of light, or a third color of light; and
a light steering optical element configured to direct the first color of light, the second color of light, and the third color of light emitted from the array of light emitting elements in a same direction; and
a backplane including a plurality of electronic circuits each electronically connected with one of the multiple sub-picture elements and configured to drive multiple light emitting elements of the multiple sub-picture elements.